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samples: bpf: large eBPF program in C
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sockex2_kern.c is purposefully large eBPF program in C.
llvm compiles ~200 lines of C code into ~300 eBPF instructions.

It's similar to __skb_flow_dissect() to demonstrate that complex packet parsing
can be done by eBPF.
Then it uses (struct flow_keys)->dst IP address (or hash of ipv6 dst) to keep
stats of number of packets per IP.
User space loads eBPF program, attaches it to loopback interface and prints
dest_ip->#packets stats every second.

Usage:
$sudo samples/bpf/sockex2
ip 127.0.0.1 count 19
ip 127.0.0.1 count 178115
ip 127.0.0.1 count 369437
ip 127.0.0.1 count 559841
ip 127.0.0.1 count 750539

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <[email protected]>
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Alexei Starovoitov authored and davem330 committed Dec 6, 2014
1 parent a808578 commit fbe3310
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4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions samples/bpf/Makefile
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -5,20 +5,24 @@ obj- := dummy.o
hostprogs-y := test_verifier test_maps
hostprogs-y += sock_example
hostprogs-y += sockex1
hostprogs-y += sockex2

test_verifier-objs := test_verifier.o libbpf.o
test_maps-objs := test_maps.o libbpf.o
sock_example-objs := sock_example.o libbpf.o
sockex1-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o sockex1_user.o
sockex2-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o sockex2_user.o

# Tell kbuild to always build the programs
always := $(hostprogs-y)
always += sockex1_kern.o
always += sockex2_kern.o

HOSTCFLAGS += -I$(objtree)/usr/include

HOSTCFLAGS_bpf_load.o += -I$(objtree)/usr/include -Wno-unused-variable
HOSTLOADLIBES_sockex1 += -lelf
HOSTLOADLIBES_sockex2 += -lelf

# point this to your LLVM backend with bpf support
LLC=$(srctree)/tools/bpf/llvm/bld/Debug+Asserts/bin/llc
Expand Down
215 changes: 215 additions & 0 deletions samples/bpf/sockex2_kern.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
#include <uapi/linux/bpf.h>
#include "bpf_helpers.h"
#include <uapi/linux/in.h>
#include <uapi/linux/if.h>
#include <uapi/linux/if_ether.h>
#include <uapi/linux/ip.h>
#include <uapi/linux/ipv6.h>
#include <uapi/linux/if_tunnel.h>
#define IP_MF 0x2000
#define IP_OFFSET 0x1FFF

struct vlan_hdr {
__be16 h_vlan_TCI;
__be16 h_vlan_encapsulated_proto;
};

struct flow_keys {
__be32 src;
__be32 dst;
union {
__be32 ports;
__be16 port16[2];
};
__u16 thoff;
__u8 ip_proto;
};

static inline int proto_ports_offset(__u64 proto)
{
switch (proto) {
case IPPROTO_TCP:
case IPPROTO_UDP:
case IPPROTO_DCCP:
case IPPROTO_ESP:
case IPPROTO_SCTP:
case IPPROTO_UDPLITE:
return 0;
case IPPROTO_AH:
return 4;
default:
return 0;
}
}

static inline int ip_is_fragment(struct sk_buff *ctx, __u64 nhoff)
{
return load_half(ctx, nhoff + offsetof(struct iphdr, frag_off))
& (IP_MF | IP_OFFSET);
}

static inline __u32 ipv6_addr_hash(struct sk_buff *ctx, __u64 off)
{
__u64 w0 = load_word(ctx, off);
__u64 w1 = load_word(ctx, off + 4);
__u64 w2 = load_word(ctx, off + 8);
__u64 w3 = load_word(ctx, off + 12);

return (__u32)(w0 ^ w1 ^ w2 ^ w3);
}

static inline __u64 parse_ip(struct sk_buff *skb, __u64 nhoff, __u64 *ip_proto,
struct flow_keys *flow)
{
__u64 verlen;

if (unlikely(ip_is_fragment(skb, nhoff)))
*ip_proto = 0;
else
*ip_proto = load_byte(skb, nhoff + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol));

if (*ip_proto != IPPROTO_GRE) {
flow->src = load_word(skb, nhoff + offsetof(struct iphdr, saddr));
flow->dst = load_word(skb, nhoff + offsetof(struct iphdr, daddr));
}

verlen = load_byte(skb, nhoff + 0/*offsetof(struct iphdr, ihl)*/);
if (likely(verlen == 0x45))
nhoff += 20;
else
nhoff += (verlen & 0xF) << 2;

return nhoff;
}

static inline __u64 parse_ipv6(struct sk_buff *skb, __u64 nhoff, __u64 *ip_proto,
struct flow_keys *flow)
{
*ip_proto = load_byte(skb,
nhoff + offsetof(struct ipv6hdr, nexthdr));
flow->src = ipv6_addr_hash(skb,
nhoff + offsetof(struct ipv6hdr, saddr));
flow->dst = ipv6_addr_hash(skb,
nhoff + offsetof(struct ipv6hdr, daddr));
nhoff += sizeof(struct ipv6hdr);

return nhoff;
}

static inline bool flow_dissector(struct sk_buff *skb, struct flow_keys *flow)
{
__u64 nhoff = ETH_HLEN;
__u64 ip_proto;
__u64 proto = load_half(skb, 12);
int poff;

if (proto == ETH_P_8021AD) {
proto = load_half(skb, nhoff + offsetof(struct vlan_hdr,
h_vlan_encapsulated_proto));
nhoff += sizeof(struct vlan_hdr);
}

if (proto == ETH_P_8021Q) {
proto = load_half(skb, nhoff + offsetof(struct vlan_hdr,
h_vlan_encapsulated_proto));
nhoff += sizeof(struct vlan_hdr);
}

if (likely(proto == ETH_P_IP))
nhoff = parse_ip(skb, nhoff, &ip_proto, flow);
else if (proto == ETH_P_IPV6)
nhoff = parse_ipv6(skb, nhoff, &ip_proto, flow);
else
return false;

switch (ip_proto) {
case IPPROTO_GRE: {
struct gre_hdr {
__be16 flags;
__be16 proto;
};

__u64 gre_flags = load_half(skb,
nhoff + offsetof(struct gre_hdr, flags));
__u64 gre_proto = load_half(skb,
nhoff + offsetof(struct gre_hdr, proto));

if (gre_flags & (GRE_VERSION|GRE_ROUTING))
break;

proto = gre_proto;
nhoff += 4;
if (gre_flags & GRE_CSUM)
nhoff += 4;
if (gre_flags & GRE_KEY)
nhoff += 4;
if (gre_flags & GRE_SEQ)
nhoff += 4;

if (proto == ETH_P_8021Q) {
proto = load_half(skb,
nhoff + offsetof(struct vlan_hdr,
h_vlan_encapsulated_proto));
nhoff += sizeof(struct vlan_hdr);
}

if (proto == ETH_P_IP)
nhoff = parse_ip(skb, nhoff, &ip_proto, flow);
else if (proto == ETH_P_IPV6)
nhoff = parse_ipv6(skb, nhoff, &ip_proto, flow);
else
return false;
break;
}
case IPPROTO_IPIP:
nhoff = parse_ip(skb, nhoff, &ip_proto, flow);
break;
case IPPROTO_IPV6:
nhoff = parse_ipv6(skb, nhoff, &ip_proto, flow);
break;
default:
break;
}

flow->ip_proto = ip_proto;
poff = proto_ports_offset(ip_proto);
if (poff >= 0) {
nhoff += poff;
flow->ports = load_word(skb, nhoff);
}

flow->thoff = (__u16) nhoff;

return true;
}

struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") hash_map = {
.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
.key_size = sizeof(__be32),
.value_size = sizeof(long),
.max_entries = 1024,
};

SEC("socket2")
int bpf_prog2(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
struct flow_keys flow;
long *value;
u32 key;

if (!flow_dissector(skb, &flow))
return 0;

key = flow.dst;
value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&hash_map, &key);
if (value) {
__sync_fetch_and_add(value, 1);
} else {
long val = 1;

bpf_map_update_elem(&hash_map, &key, &val, BPF_ANY);
}
return 0;
}

char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
44 changes: 44 additions & 0 deletions samples/bpf/sockex2_user.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include "libbpf.h"
#include "bpf_load.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main(int ac, char **argv)
{
char filename[256];
FILE *f;
int i, sock;

snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s_kern.o", argv[0]);

if (load_bpf_file(filename)) {
printf("%s", bpf_log_buf);
return 1;
}

sock = open_raw_sock("lo");

assert(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_BPF, prog_fd,
sizeof(prog_fd[0])) == 0);

f = popen("ping -c5 localhost", "r");
(void) f;

for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
int key = 0, next_key;
long long value;

while (bpf_get_next_key(map_fd[0], &key, &next_key) == 0) {
bpf_lookup_elem(map_fd[0], &next_key, &value);
printf("ip %s count %lld\n",
inet_ntoa((struct in_addr){htonl(next_key)}),
value);
key = next_key;
}
sleep(1);
}
return 0;
}

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