Merge tag 'perf-urgent-for-mingo-5.4-20191001' of git://git.kernel.or…

…g/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/urgent

Pull perf/urgent fixes from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:

perf script:

  Andi Kleen:

    - Fix recovery from LBR/binary mismatch in the "brstackinsn" --field.

perf annotate:

  Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:

  - Propagate errors so that meaningful messages can be presented to the
    user in case of problems.

perf map:

  Steve MacLean:

  - Fix handling of maps partially overlapped, resolving symbols in the
    ranges not replaced by new mmaps.

perf tests:

  Ian Rogers:

  - Use raise() instead of NULL derefs to avoid causing a SIGILL rather than a
    SIGSEGV for optimized builds that turn NULL derefs into ud2 instructions.

perf LLVM:

  Ian Rogers:

  - Don't access out-of-scope array.

perf inject:

  Steve MacLean:

  - Fix JIT_CODE_MOVE filename, that was having a u64 truncaded into a 32-bit
    snprintf format and also a missing ".so" suffix in another case.

libsubcmd:

  Ian Rogers:

  - Make _FORTIFY_SOURCE defines dependent on the feature, avoiding
    false positives with with memory sanitizers such as LLVM's ASan.

Vendor specific events:

Intel:

  Andi Kleen:

  - Fix period for Intel fixed counters.

s390:

  Thomas Richter (2):

  - Fix some event details transaction for machine type 8561.

tools headers UAPI:

  Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:

  - Sync headers with the kernel, catching new usbdevfs ioctls and
    madvise behaviours to properly decode in 'perf trace' output.

Documentation:

  Steve MacLean:

  - Correct and clarify jitdump spec.

Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>

tools/arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h

@@ -266,8 +266,10 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_events {
 #define   KVM_DEV_ARM_ITS_CTRL_RESET		4
 
 /* KVM_IRQ_LINE irq field index values */
+#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU2_SHIFT		28
+#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU2_MASK		0xf
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_TYPE_SHIFT		24
-#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_TYPE_MASK		0xff
+#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_TYPE_MASK		0xf
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU_SHIFT		16
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU_MASK		0xff
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_NUM_SHIFT		0

tools/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h

@@ -325,8 +325,10 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_events {
 #define   KVM_ARM_VCPU_TIMER_IRQ_PTIMER		1
 
 /* KVM_IRQ_LINE irq field index values */
+#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU2_SHIFT		28
+#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU2_MASK		0xf
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_TYPE_SHIFT		24
-#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_TYPE_MASK		0xff
+#define KVM_ARM_IRQ_TYPE_MASK		0xf
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU_SHIFT		16
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_VCPU_MASK		0xff
 #define KVM_ARM_IRQ_NUM_SHIFT		0

tools/arch/s390/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h

@@ -231,6 +231,12 @@ struct kvm_guest_debug_arch {
 #define KVM_SYNC_GSCB   (1UL << 9)
 #define KVM_SYNC_BPBC   (1UL << 10)
 #define KVM_SYNC_ETOKEN (1UL << 11)
+
+#define KVM_SYNC_S390_VALID_FIELDS \
+	(KVM_SYNC_PREFIX | KVM_SYNC_GPRS | KVM_SYNC_ACRS | KVM_SYNC_CRS | \
+	 KVM_SYNC_ARCH0 | KVM_SYNC_PFAULT | KVM_SYNC_VRS | KVM_SYNC_RICCB | \
+	 KVM_SYNC_FPRS | KVM_SYNC_GSCB | KVM_SYNC_BPBC | KVM_SYNC_ETOKEN)
+
 /* length and alignment of the sdnx as a power of two */
 #define SDNXC 8
 #define SDNXL (1UL << SDNXC)

tools/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/vmx.h

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #define EXIT_REASON_EXCEPTION_NMI       0
 #define EXIT_REASON_EXTERNAL_INTERRUPT  1
 #define EXIT_REASON_TRIPLE_FAULT        2
+#define EXIT_REASON_INIT_SIGNAL			3
 
 #define EXIT_REASON_PENDING_INTERRUPT   7
 #define EXIT_REASON_NMI_WINDOW          8
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@
 	{ EXIT_REASON_EXCEPTION_NMI,         "EXCEPTION_NMI" }, \
 	{ EXIT_REASON_EXTERNAL_INTERRUPT,    "EXTERNAL_INTERRUPT" }, \
 	{ EXIT_REASON_TRIPLE_FAULT,          "TRIPLE_FAULT" }, \
+	{ EXIT_REASON_INIT_SIGNAL,           "INIT_SIGNAL" }, \
 	{ EXIT_REASON_PENDING_INTERRUPT,     "PENDING_INTERRUPT" }, \
 	{ EXIT_REASON_NMI_WINDOW,            "NMI_WINDOW" }, \
 	{ EXIT_REASON_TASK_SWITCH,           "TASK_SWITCH" }, \

tools/include/uapi/asm-generic/mman-common.h

@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@
 #define MADV_WIPEONFORK 18		/* Zero memory on fork, child only */
 #define MADV_KEEPONFORK 19		/* Undo MADV_WIPEONFORK */
 
+#define MADV_COLD	20		/* deactivate these pages */
+#define MADV_PAGEOUT	21		/* reclaim these pages */
+
 /* compatibility flags */
 #define MAP_FILE	0
 

tools/include/uapi/drm/i915_drm.h

@@ -521,6 +521,7 @@ typedef struct drm_i915_irq_wait {
 #define   I915_SCHEDULER_CAP_PRIORITY	(1ul << 1)
 #define   I915_SCHEDULER_CAP_PREEMPTION	(1ul << 2)
 #define   I915_SCHEDULER_CAP_SEMAPHORES	(1ul << 3)
+#define   I915_SCHEDULER_CAP_ENGINE_BUSY_STATS	(1ul << 4)
 
 #define I915_PARAM_HUC_STATUS		 42
 

tools/include/uapi/linux/fs.h

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
 #include <linux/limits.h>
 #include <linux/ioctl.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+#include <linux/fscrypt.h>
+#endif
 
 /* Use of MS_* flags within the kernel is restricted to core mount(2) code. */
 #if !defined(__KERNEL__)
@@ -212,57 +215,6 @@ struct fsxattr {
 #define FS_IOC_GETFSLABEL		_IOR(0x94, 49, char[FSLABEL_MAX])
 #define FS_IOC_SETFSLABEL		_IOW(0x94, 50, char[FSLABEL_MAX])
 
-/*
- * File system encryption support
- */
-/* Policy provided via an ioctl on the topmost directory */
-#define FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE	8
-
-#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_4		0x00
-#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_8		0x01
-#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_16		0x02
-#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_32		0x03
-#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_MASK	0x03
-#define FS_POLICY_FLAG_DIRECT_KEY	0x04	/* use master key directly */
-#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_VALID		0x07
-
-/* Encryption algorithms */
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_INVALID		0
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS		1
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_GCM		2
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CBC		3
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS		4
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CBC		5
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CTS		6
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_SPECK128_256_XTS	7 /* Removed, do not use. */
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_SPECK128_256_CTS	8 /* Removed, do not use. */
-#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_ADIANTUM		9
-
-struct fscrypt_policy {
-	__u8 version;
-	__u8 contents_encryption_mode;
-	__u8 filenames_encryption_mode;
-	__u8 flags;
-	__u8 master_key_descriptor[FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
-};
-
-#define FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY	_IOR('f', 19, struct fscrypt_policy)
-#define FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_PWSALT	_IOW('f', 20, __u8[16])
-#define FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY	_IOW('f', 21, struct fscrypt_policy)
-
-/* Parameters for passing an encryption key into the kernel keyring */
-#define FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX		"fscrypt:"
-#define FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX_SIZE		8
-
-/* Structure that userspace passes to the kernel keyring */
-#define FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE			64
-
-struct fscrypt_key {
-	__u32 mode;
-	__u8 raw[FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE];
-	__u32 size;
-};
-
 /*
  * Inode flags (FS_IOC_GETFLAGS / FS_IOC_SETFLAGS)
  *
@@ -306,6 +258,7 @@ struct fscrypt_key {
 #define FS_TOPDIR_FL			0x00020000 /* Top of directory hierarchies*/
 #define FS_HUGE_FILE_FL			0x00040000 /* Reserved for ext4 */
 #define FS_EXTENT_FL			0x00080000 /* Extents */
+#define FS_VERITY_FL			0x00100000 /* Verity protected inode */
 #define FS_EA_INODE_FL			0x00200000 /* Inode used for large EA */
 #define FS_EOFBLOCKS_FL			0x00400000 /* Reserved for ext4 */
 #define FS_NOCOW_FL			0x00800000 /* Do not cow file */

tools/include/uapi/linux/fscrypt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * fscrypt user API
+ *
+ * These ioctls can be used on filesystems that support fscrypt.  See the
+ * "User API" section of Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst.
+ */
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_FSCRYPT_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_FSCRYPT_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/* Encryption policy flags */
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_4		0x00
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_8		0x01
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_16		0x02
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_32		0x03
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_MASK		0x03
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_DIRECT_KEY		0x04
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_VALID		0x07
+
+/* Encryption algorithms */
+#define FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_256_XTS		1
+#define FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_256_CTS		4
+#define FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_128_CBC		5
+#define FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_128_CTS		6
+#define FSCRYPT_MODE_ADIANTUM			9
+#define __FSCRYPT_MODE_MAX			9
+
+/*
+ * Legacy policy version; ad-hoc KDF and no key verification.
+ * For new encrypted directories, use fscrypt_policy_v2 instead.
+ *
+ * Careful: the .version field for this is actually 0, not 1.
+ */
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_V1		0
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE	8
+struct fscrypt_policy_v1 {
+	__u8 version;
+	__u8 contents_encryption_mode;
+	__u8 filenames_encryption_mode;
+	__u8 flags;
+	__u8 master_key_descriptor[FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
+};
+#define fscrypt_policy	fscrypt_policy_v1
+
+/*
+ * Process-subscribed "logon" key description prefix and payload format.
+ * Deprecated; prefer FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY instead.
+ */
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_DESC_PREFIX		"fscrypt:"
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_DESC_PREFIX_SIZE	8
+#define FSCRYPT_MAX_KEY_SIZE		64
+struct fscrypt_key {
+	__u32 mode;
+	__u8 raw[FSCRYPT_MAX_KEY_SIZE];
+	__u32 size;
+};
+
+/*
+ * New policy version with HKDF and key verification (recommended).
+ */
+#define FSCRYPT_POLICY_V2		2
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SIZE	16
+struct fscrypt_policy_v2 {
+	__u8 version;
+	__u8 contents_encryption_mode;
+	__u8 filenames_encryption_mode;
+	__u8 flags;
+	__u8 __reserved[4];
+	__u8 master_key_identifier[FSCRYPT_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SIZE];
+};
+
+/* Struct passed to FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY_EX */
+struct fscrypt_get_policy_ex_arg {
+	__u64 policy_size; /* input/output */
+	union {
+		__u8 version;
+		struct fscrypt_policy_v1 v1;
+		struct fscrypt_policy_v2 v2;
+	} policy; /* output */
+};
+
+/*
+ * v1 policy keys are specified by an arbitrary 8-byte key "descriptor",
+ * matching fscrypt_policy_v1::master_key_descriptor.
+ */
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_SPEC_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR	1
+
+/*
+ * v2 policy keys are specified by a 16-byte key "identifier" which the kernel
+ * calculates as a cryptographic hash of the key itself,
+ * matching fscrypt_policy_v2::master_key_identifier.
+ */
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_SPEC_TYPE_IDENTIFIER	2
+
+/*
+ * Specifies a key, either for v1 or v2 policies.  This doesn't contain the
+ * actual key itself; this is just the "name" of the key.
+ */
+struct fscrypt_key_specifier {
+	__u32 type;	/* one of FSCRYPT_KEY_SPEC_TYPE_* */
+	__u32 __reserved;
+	union {
+		__u8 __reserved[32]; /* reserve some extra space */
+		__u8 descriptor[FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
+		__u8 identifier[FSCRYPT_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SIZE];
+	} u;
+};
+
+/* Struct passed to FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY */
+struct fscrypt_add_key_arg {
+	struct fscrypt_key_specifier key_spec;
+	__u32 raw_size;
+	__u32 __reserved[9];
+	__u8 raw[];
+};
+
+/* Struct passed to FS_IOC_REMOVE_ENCRYPTION_KEY */
+struct fscrypt_remove_key_arg {
+	struct fscrypt_key_specifier key_spec;
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_REMOVAL_STATUS_FLAG_FILES_BUSY	0x00000001
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_REMOVAL_STATUS_FLAG_OTHER_USERS	0x00000002
+	__u32 removal_status_flags;	/* output */
+	__u32 __reserved[5];
+};
+
+/* Struct passed to FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_KEY_STATUS */
+struct fscrypt_get_key_status_arg {
+	/* input */
+	struct fscrypt_key_specifier key_spec;
+	__u32 __reserved[6];
+
+	/* output */
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_STATUS_ABSENT		1
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_STATUS_PRESENT		2
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_STATUS_INCOMPLETELY_REMOVED	3
+	__u32 status;
+#define FSCRYPT_KEY_STATUS_FLAG_ADDED_BY_SELF   0x00000001
+	__u32 status_flags;
+	__u32 user_count;
+	__u32 __out_reserved[13];
+};
+
+#define FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY		_IOR('f', 19, struct fscrypt_policy)
+#define FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_PWSALT		_IOW('f', 20, __u8[16])
+#define FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY		_IOW('f', 21, struct fscrypt_policy)
+#define FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY_EX		_IOWR('f', 22, __u8[9]) /* size + version */
+#define FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY		_IOWR('f', 23, struct fscrypt_add_key_arg)
+#define FS_IOC_REMOVE_ENCRYPTION_KEY		_IOWR('f', 24, struct fscrypt_remove_key_arg)
+#define FS_IOC_REMOVE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_ALL_USERS	_IOWR('f', 25, struct fscrypt_remove_key_arg)
+#define FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_KEY_STATUS	_IOWR('f', 26, struct fscrypt_get_key_status_arg)
+
+/**********************************************************************/
+
+/* old names; don't add anything new here! */
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+#define FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE		FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE
+#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_4		FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_4
+#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_8		FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_8
+#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_16		FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_16
+#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_32		FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_32
+#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_MASK	FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_PAD_MASK
+#define FS_POLICY_FLAG_DIRECT_KEY	FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAG_DIRECT_KEY
+#define FS_POLICY_FLAGS_VALID		FSCRYPT_POLICY_FLAGS_VALID
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_INVALID	0	/* never used */
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS	FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_256_XTS
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_GCM	2	/* never used */
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CBC	3	/* never used */
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CTS	FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_256_CTS
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CBC	FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_128_CBC
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_128_CTS	FSCRYPT_MODE_AES_128_CTS
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_SPECK128_256_XTS	7	/* removed */
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_SPECK128_256_CTS	8	/* removed */
+#define FS_ENCRYPTION_MODE_ADIANTUM	FSCRYPT_MODE_ADIANTUM
+#define FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX		FSCRYPT_KEY_DESC_PREFIX
+#define FS_KEY_DESC_PREFIX_SIZE		FSCRYPT_KEY_DESC_PREFIX_SIZE
+#define FS_MAX_KEY_SIZE			FSCRYPT_MAX_KEY_SIZE
+#endif /* !__KERNEL__ */
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_FSCRYPT_H */

tools/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h

@@ -243,6 +243,8 @@ struct kvm_hyperv_exit {
 #define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_SIMUL_EX	2
 /* Encounter unexpected vm-exit due to delivery event. */
 #define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_DELIVERY_EV	3
+/* Encounter unexpected vm-exit reason */
+#define KVM_INTERNAL_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_EXIT_REASON	4
 
 /* for KVM_RUN, returned by mmap(vcpu_fd, offset=0) */
 struct kvm_run {
@@ -996,6 +998,7 @@ struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt {
 #define KVM_CAP_ARM_PTRAUTH_ADDRESS 171
 #define KVM_CAP_ARM_PTRAUTH_GENERIC 172
 #define KVM_CAP_PMU_EVENT_FILTER 173
+#define KVM_CAP_ARM_IRQ_LINE_LAYOUT_2 174
 
 #ifdef KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING
 

tools/include/uapi/linux/usbdevice_fs.h

@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ struct usbdevfs_hub_portinfo {
 #define USBDEVFS_CAP_MMAP			0x20
 #define USBDEVFS_CAP_DROP_PRIVILEGES		0x40
 #define USBDEVFS_CAP_CONNINFO_EX		0x80
+#define USBDEVFS_CAP_SUSPEND			0x100
 
 /* USBDEVFS_DISCONNECT_CLAIM flags & struct */
 
@@ -223,5 +224,8 @@ struct usbdevfs_streams {
  * extending size of the data returned.
  */
 #define USBDEVFS_CONNINFO_EX(len)  _IOC(_IOC_READ, 'U', 32, len)
+#define USBDEVFS_FORBID_SUSPEND    _IO('U', 33)
+#define USBDEVFS_ALLOW_SUSPEND     _IO('U', 34)
+#define USBDEVFS_WAIT_FOR_RESUME   _IO('U', 35)
 
 #endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_USBDEVICE_FS_H */

tools/lib/subcmd/Makefile

@@ -20,7 +20,13 @@ MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
 LIBFILE = $(OUTPUT)libsubcmd.a
 
 CFLAGS := $(EXTRA_WARNINGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)
-CFLAGS += -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu99 -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC
+CFLAGS += -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -std=gnu99 -fPIC
+
+ifeq ($(DEBUG),0)
+  ifeq ($(feature-fortify-source), 1)
+    CFLAGS += -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2
+  endif
+endif
 
 ifeq ($(CC_NO_CLANG), 0)
   CFLAGS += -O3

tools/perf/Documentation/asciidoc.conf

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ ifdef::backend-docbook[]
 [header]
 template::[header-declarations]
 <refentry>
+ifdef::perf_date[]
+<refentryinfo><date>{perf_date}</date></refentryinfo>
+endif::perf_date[]
 <refmeta>
 <refentrytitle>{mantitle}</refentrytitle>
 <manvolnum>{manvolnum}</manvolnum>

tools/perf/Documentation/jitdump-specification.txt

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ III/ Jitdump file header format
 Each jitdump file starts with a fixed size header containing the following fields in order:
 
 
-* uint32_t magic     : a magic number tagging the file type. The value is 4-byte long and represents the string "JiTD" in ASCII form. It is 0x4A695444 or 0x4454694a depending on the endianness. The field can be used to detect the endianness of the file
-* uint32_t version   : a 4-byte value representing the format version. It is currently set to 2
+* uint32_t magic     : a magic number tagging the file type. The value is 4-byte long and represents the string "JiTD" in ASCII form. It written is as 0x4A695444. The reader will detect an endian mismatch when it reads 0x4454694a.
+* uint32_t version   : a 4-byte value representing the format version. It is currently set to 1
 * uint32_t total_size: size in bytes of file header
 * uint32_t elf_mach  : ELF architecture encoding (ELF e_machine value as specified in /usr/include/elf.h)
 * uint32_t pad1      : padding. Reserved for future use