Closes python#25910: fix dead and permanently redirected links in the…

… docs. Thanks to SilentGhost for the patch.

Doc/distributing/index.rst

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Key terms
   repository of open source licensed packages made available for use by
   other Python users
 * the `Python Packaging Authority
-  <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/future.html>`__ are the group of
+  <https://www.pypa.io/>`__ are the group of
   developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and
   evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and
   file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Key terms
   locally.
 
 .. _setuptools: https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/setuptools.html
-.. _wheel: http://wheel.readthedocs.org
+.. _wheel: https://wheel.readthedocs.org
 
 Open source licensing and collaboration
 =======================================
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ by invoking the ``pip`` module at the command line::
 The Python Packaging User Guide includes more details on the `currently
 recommended tools`_.
 
-.. _currently recommended tools: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/current.html#packaging-tool-recommendations
+.. _currently recommended tools: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/current/#packaging-tool-recommendations
 
 Reading the guide
 =================
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ involved in creating a project:
 * `Uploading the project to the Python Packaging Index`_
 
 .. _Project structure: \
-   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#creating-your-own-project
+   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/
 .. _Building and packaging the project: \
-   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#packaging-your-project
+   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/#packaging-your-project
 .. _Uploading the project to the Python Packaging Index: \
-   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing.html#uploading-your-project-to-pypi
+   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/distributing/#uploading-your-project-to-pypi
 
 
 How do I...?
@@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ Python Packaging User Guide for more information and recommendations.
 .. seealso::
 
    `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions
-   <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`__
+   <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions>`__
 
 .. other topics:
 
    Once the Development & Deployment part of PPUG is fleshed out, some of
    those sections should be linked from new questions here (most notably,
    we should have a question about avoiding depending on PyPI that links to
-   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/deployment.html#pypi-mirrors-and-caches)
+   https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/mirrors/)

Doc/distutils/apiref.rst

@@ -1822,7 +1822,7 @@ Subclasses of :class:`Command` must define the following methods.
 
    Builds a `Windows Installer`_ (.msi) binary package.
 
-   .. _Windows Installer: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc185688(VS.85).aspx
+   .. _Windows Installer: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc185688(VS.85).aspx
 
    In most cases, the ``bdist_msi`` installer is a better choice than the
    ``bdist_wininst`` installer, because it provides better support for

Doc/extending/extending.rst

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ your system setup; details are given in later chapters.
    avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations.
    For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls,
    you should consider using the :mod:`ctypes` module or the `cffi
-   <http://cffi.readthedocs.org>`_ library rather than writing custom C code.
+   <https://cffi.readthedocs.org>`_ library rather than writing custom C code.
    These modules let you write Python code to interface with C code and are more
    portable between implementations of Python than writing and compiling a C
    extension module.

Doc/extending/index.rst

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python.
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions.html>`_
+   `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions/>`_
       The Python Packaging User Guide not only covers several available
       tools that simplify the creation of binary extensions, but also
       discusses the various reasons why creating an extension module may be

Doc/faq/design.rst

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ Practical answer:
 
 `Cython <http://cython.org/>`_ and `Pyrex <http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/>`_
 compile a modified version of Python with optional annotations into C
-extensions.  `Weave <http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-dev/reference/tutorial/weave.html>`_ makes it easy to
+extensions.  `Weave <https://scipy.github.io/devdocs/tutorial/weave.html>`_ makes it easy to
 intermingle Python and C code in various ways to increase performance.
 `Nuitka <http://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is an up-and-coming compiler of Python
 into C++ code, aiming to support the full Python language.

Doc/faq/extending.rst

@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ to learn Python's C API.
 If you need to interface to some C or C++ library for which no Python extension
 currently exists, you can try wrapping the library's data types and functions
 with a tool such as `SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_.  `SIP
-<http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX
+<https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX
 <http://cxx.sourceforge.net/>`_ `Boost
 <http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html>`_, or `Weave
-<http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy-dev/reference/tutorial/weave.html>`_ are also
+<https://scipy.github.io/devdocs/tutorial/weave.html>`_ are also
 alternatives for wrapping C++ libraries.
 
 

Doc/faq/general.rst

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ How do I obtain a copy of the Python source?
 --------------------------------------------
 
 The latest Python source distribution is always available from python.org, at
-https://www.python.org/download/.  The latest development sources can be obtained
+https://www.python.org/downloads/.  The latest development sources can be obtained
 via anonymous Mercurial access at https://hg.python.org/cpython.
 
 The source distribution is a gzipped tar file containing the complete C source,
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ can be found at https://www.python.org/community/lists/.
 How do I get a beta test version of Python?
 -------------------------------------------
 
-Alpha and beta releases are available from https://www.python.org/download/.  All
+Alpha and beta releases are available from https://www.python.org/downloads/.  All
 releases are announced on the comp.lang.python and comp.lang.python.announce
 newsgroups and on the Python home page at https://www.python.org/; an RSS feed of
 news is available.
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ The Python project's infrastructure is located all over the world.
 `www.python.org <https://www.python.org>`_ is graciously hosted by `Rackspace
 <http://www.rackspace.com>`_, with CDN caching provided by `Fastly
 <https://www.fastly.com>`_.  `Upfront Systems
-<http://www.upfrontsystems.co.za>`_ hosts `bugs.python.org
+<http://www.upfrontsystems.co.za/>`_ hosts `bugs.python.org
 <https://bugs.python.org>`_.  Many other Python services like `the Wiki
 <https://wiki.python.org>`_ are hosted by `Oregon State
 University Open Source Lab <https://osuosl.org>`_.
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ Why is it called Python?
 
 When he began implementing Python, Guido van Rossum was also reading the
 published scripts from `"Monty Python's Flying Circus"
-<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python>`__, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s.  Van Rossum
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python>`__, a BBC comedy series from the 1970s.  Van Rossum
 thought he needed a name that was short, unique, and slightly mysterious, so he
 decided to call the language Python.
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ guaranteed that interfaces will remain the same throughout a series of bugfix
 releases.
 
 The latest stable releases can always be found on the `Python download page
-<https://www.python.org/download/>`_.  There are two recommended production-ready
+<https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_.  There are two recommended production-ready
 versions at this point in time, because at the moment there are two branches of
 stable releases: 2.x and 3.x.  Python 3.x may be less useful than 2.x, since
 currently there is more third party software available for Python 2 than for
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ different companies and organizations.
 High-profile Python projects include `the Mailman mailing list manager
 <http://www.list.org>`_ and `the Zope application server
 <http://www.zope.org>`_.  Several Linux distributions, most notably `Red Hat
-<http://www.redhat.com>`_, have written part or all of their installer and
+<https://www.redhat.com>`_, have written part or all of their installer and
 system administration software in Python.  Companies that use Python internally
 include Google, Yahoo, and Lucasfilm Ltd.
 

Doc/faq/gui.rst

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Tkinter
 Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk
 widget set, called :ref:`tkinter <Tkinter>`.  This is probably the easiest to
 install (since it comes included with most
-`binary distributions <https://www.python.org/download/>`_ of Python) and use.
+`binary distributions <https://www.python.org/downloads/>`_ of Python) and use.
 For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the
 `Tcl/Tk home page <http://www.tcl.tk>`_.  Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the
 Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix platforms.
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ Qt
 ---
 
 There are bindings available for the Qt toolkit (using either `PyQt
-<http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/intro>`_ or `PySide
-<http://www.pyside.org/>`_) and for KDE (`PyKDE <https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Languages/Python>`__).
+<https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro>`_ or `PySide
+<https://wiki.qt.io/PySide>`_) and for KDE (`PyKDE <https://techbase.kde.org/Development/Languages/Python>`__).
 PyQt is currently more mature than PySide, but you must buy a PyQt license from
-`Riverbank Computing <http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/software/pyqt/license>`_
+`Riverbank Computing <https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/commercial/license-faq>`_
 if you want to write proprietary applications.  PySide is free for all applications.
 
 Qt 4.5 upwards is licensed under the LGPL license; also, commercial licenses
-are available from `The Qt Company <http://www.qt.io/licensing/>`_.
+are available from `The Qt Company <https://www.qt.io/licensing/>`_.
 
 Gtk+
 ----
 
-The `GObject introspection bindings <https://live.gnome.org/PyGObject>`_
+The `GObject introspection bindings <https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject>`_
 for Python allow you to write GTK+ 3 applications.  There is also a
 `Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial <http://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/>`_.
 

Doc/faq/library.rst

@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ For Win32, POSIX (Linux, BSD, etc.), Jython:
 
 For Unix, see a Usenet post by Mitch Chapman:
 
-   http://groups.google.com/[email protected]
+   https://groups.google.com/[email protected]
 
 
 Why doesn't closing sys.stdout (stdin, stderr) really close it?

Doc/faq/programming.rst

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ PyChecker is a static analysis tool that finds bugs in Python source code and
 warns about code complexity and style.  You can get PyChecker from
 http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/.
 
-`Pylint <http://www.logilab.org/projects/pylint>`_ is another tool that checks
+`Pylint <http://www.pylint.org/>`_ is another tool that checks
 if a module satisfies a coding standard, and also makes it possible to write
 plug-ins to add a custom feature.  In addition to the bug checking that
 PyChecker performs, Pylint offers some additional features such as checking line

Doc/howto/curses.rst

@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ learn more about submitting patches to Python.
   a lengthy tutorial for C programmers.
 * `The ncurses man page <http://linux.die.net/man/3/ncurses>`_
 * `The ncurses FAQ <http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html>`_
-* `"Use curses... don't swear" <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_:
+* `"Use curses... don't swear" <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_:
   video of a PyCon 2013 talk on controlling terminals using curses or Urwid.
 * `"Console Applications with Urwid" <http://www.pyvideo.org/video/1568/console-applications-with-urwid>`_:
   video of a PyCon CA 2012 talk demonstrating some applications written using

Doc/howto/functional.rst

@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ substring.
 
 List comprehensions and generator expressions (short form: "listcomps" and
 "genexps") are a concise notation for such operations, borrowed from the
-functional programming language Haskell (http://www.haskell.org/).  You can strip
+functional programming language Haskell (https://www.haskell.org/).  You can strip
 all the whitespace from a stream of strings with the following code::
 
     line_list = ['  line 1\n', 'line 2  \n', ...]
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ returns them in a tuple::
 It doesn't construct an in-memory list and exhaust all the input iterators
 before returning; instead tuples are constructed and returned only if they're
 requested.  (The technical term for this behaviour is `lazy evaluation
-<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation>`__.)
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation>`__.)
 
 This iterator is intended to be used with iterables that are all of the same
 length.  If the iterables are of different lengths, the resulting stream will be
@@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ General
 
 **Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs**, by Harold Abelson and
 Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman.  Full text at
-http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/.  In this classic textbook of computer science,
+https://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/.  In this classic textbook of computer science,
 chapters 2 and 3 discuss the use of sequences and streams to organize the data
 flow inside a program.  The book uses Scheme for its examples, but many of the
 design approaches described in these chapters are applicable to functional-style
@@ -1208,12 +1208,12 @@ Python code.
 http://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to functional
 programming that uses Java examples and has a lengthy historical introduction.
 
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry
 describing functional programming.
 
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: Entry for coroutines.
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine: Entry for coroutines.
 
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying.
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying.
 
 Python-specific
 ---------------

Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst

@@ -1316,7 +1316,7 @@ An example dictionary-based configuration
 -----------------------------------------
 
 Below is an example of a logging configuration dictionary - it's taken from
-the `documentation on the Django project <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.3/topics/logging/#configuring-logging>`_.
+the `documentation on the Django project <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/topics/logging/#configuring-logging>`_.
 This dictionary is passed to :func:`~config.dictConfig` to put the configuration into effect::
 
     LOGGING = {

Doc/howto/logging.rst

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ favourite beverage and carry on.
 If your logging needs are simple, then use the above examples to incorporate
 logging into your own scripts, and if you run into problems or don't
 understand something, please post a question on the comp.lang.python Usenet
-group (available at http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python) and you
+group (available at https://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python) and you
 should receive help before too long.
 
 Still here? You can carry on reading the next few sections, which provide a

Doc/howto/sorting.rst

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Sort Stability and Complex Sorts
 ================================
 
 Sorts are guaranteed to be `stable
-<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability>`_\. That means that
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability>`_\. That means that
 when multiple records have the same key, their original order is preserved.
 
     >>> data = [('red', 1), ('blue', 1), ('red', 2), ('blue', 2)]
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ ascending *age*, do the *age* sort first and then sort again using *grade*:
     >>> sorted(s, key=attrgetter('grade'), reverse=True)       # now sort on primary key, descending
     [('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]
 
-The `Timsort <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ algorithm used in Python
+The `Timsort <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ algorithm used in Python
 does multiple sorts efficiently because it can take advantage of any ordering
 already present in a dataset.
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ decorated list, but including it gives two benefits:
   directly.
 
 Another name for this idiom is
-`Schwartzian transform <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform>`_\,
+`Schwartzian transform <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform>`_\,
 after Randal L. Schwartz, who popularized it among Perl programmers.
 
 Now that Python sorting provides key-functions, this technique is not often needed.

Doc/howto/unicode.rst

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ revision of Unicode.
 precise historical details aren't necessary for understanding how to
 use Unicode effectively, but if you're curious, consult the Unicode
 consortium site listed in the References or
-the `Wikipedia entry for Unicode <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode#History>`_
+the `Wikipedia entry for Unicode <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode#History>`_
 for more information.)
 
 
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ If this introduction didn't make things clear to you, you should try
 reading this alternate article before continuing.
 
 Wikipedia entries are often helpful; see the entries for "`character encoding
-<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>`_" and `UTF-8
-<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8>`_, for example.
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding>`_" and `UTF-8
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8>`_, for example.
 
 
 Python's Unicode Support