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mm: prohibit the last subpage from reusing the entire large folio
In a Copy-on-Write (CoW) scenario, the last subpage will reuse the entire large folio, resulting in the waste of (nr_pages - 1) pages. This wasted memory remains allocated until it is either unmapped or memory reclamation occurs. The following small program can serve as evidence of this behavior main() { #define SIZE 1024 * 1024 * 1024UL void *p = malloc(SIZE); memset(p, 0x11, SIZE); if (fork() == 0) _exit(0); memset(p, 0x12, SIZE); printf("done\n"); while(1); } For example, using a 1024KiB mTHP by: echo always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-1024kB/enabled (1) w/o the patch, it takes 2GiB, Before running the test program, / # free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 5754 84 5692 0 17 5669 Swap: 0 0 0 / # /a.out & / # done After running the test program, / # free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 5754 2149 3627 0 19 3605 Swap: 0 0 0 (2) w/ the patch, it takes 1GiB only, Before running the test program, / # free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 5754 89 5687 0 17 5664 Swap: 0 0 0 / # /a.out & / # done After running the test program, / # free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 5754 1122 4655 0 17 4632 Swap: 0 0 0 This patch migrates the last subpage to a small folio and immediately returns the large folio to the system. It benefits both memory availability and anti-fragmentation. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected] Signed-off-by: Barry Song <[email protected]> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <[email protected]> Cc: Ryan Roberts <[email protected]> Cc: Lance Yang <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
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