Fix linker error if go_library with cgo references unresolved symbol

Before this commit, if a go_library referenced an unresolved C symbol,
the build would fail with an error about an undefined symbol since
compilepkg.go tries to link all object files into an executable to be
consumed by cgo's -dynimport argument.

Since this library is never used for any purpose other than having its
symbols parsed by the cgo command, retry with additional linker flags
intended to make the linker ignore unresolved symbols. If they remain
missing in the real link step, they will still be reported as unresolved
there.

Fixes golang/go#25832 for rules_go.

go/tools/builders/cgo2.go

@@ -197,7 +197,30 @@ func cgo2(goenv *env, goSrcs, cgoSrcs, cSrcs, cxxSrcs, objcSrcs, objcxxSrcs, sSr
 	args = append([]string{cc, "-o", mainBin, mainObj}, cObjs...)
 	args = append(args, combinedLdFlags...)
 	if err := goenv.runCommand(args); err != nil {
-		return "", nil, nil, err
+		// If linking the binary for cgo fails, this is usually because the
+		// object files reference external symbols that can't be resolved yet.
+		// Since the binary is only produced to have its symbols read by the cgo
+		// command, there is no harm in trying to build it allowing unresolved
+		// symbols - the real link that happens at the end will fail if they
+		// rightfully can't be resolved.
+		var allowUnresolvedSymbolsLdFlag string
+		switch os.Getenv("GOOS") {
+		case "windows":
+			// MinGW's linker doesn't seem to support --unresolved-symbols
+			// and MSVC isn't supported at all.
+			return "", nil, nil, err
+		case "darwin", "ios":
+			allowUnresolvedSymbolsLdFlag = "-Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup"
+		default:
+			allowUnresolvedSymbolsLdFlag = "-Wl,--unresolved-symbols=ignore-all"
+		}
+		if err2 := goenv.runCommand(append(args, allowUnresolvedSymbolsLdFlag)); err2 != nil {
+			// Return the original error if we can't link the binary with the
+			// additional linker flags as they may simply be incorrect for the
+			// particular compiler/linker pair and would obscure the true reason
+			// for the failure of the original command.
+			return "", nil, nil, err
+		}
 	}
 
 	cgoImportsGo := filepath.Join(workDir, "_cgo_imports.go")

tests/core/cgo/BUILD.bazel

@@ -414,3 +414,23 @@ go_bazel_test(
     name = "external_includes_test",
     srcs = ["external_includes_test.go"],
 )
+
+go_library(
+    name = "use_external_symbol",
+    srcs = ["use_external_symbol.go"],
+    cgo = True,
+    importpath = "github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go/tests/core/cgo/use_external_symbol",
+    tags = ["manual"],
+)
+
+go_binary(
+    name = "provide_external_symbol",
+    srcs = ["provide_external_symbol.go"],
+    cgo = True,
+    target_compatible_with = select({
+        "@platforms//os:osx": [],
+        "@platforms//os:linux": [],
+        "//conditions:default": ["@platforms//:incompatible"],
+    }),
+    deps = [":use_external_symbol"],
+)

tests/core/cgo/provide_external_symbol.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+import "C"
+
+import "github.com/bazelbuild/rules_go/tests/core/cgo/use_external_symbol"
+
+//export external_symbol
+func external_symbol() {}
+
+func main() {
+	use_external_symbol.UseExternalSymbol()
+}

tests/core/cgo/use_external_symbol.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package use_external_symbol
+
+/*
+void external_symbol();
+*/
+import "C"
+
+func UseExternalSymbol() {
+	C.external_symbol()
+}