[FLINK-35717][table] Allow defining partition keys and table distribution in CREATE TABLE AS (CTAS)

[spena]

What is the purpose of the change

Allows defining PARTITIONED BY and DISTRIBUTED BY in the CTAS statement.

Syntax supported:

CREATE TABLE table_name
[PARTITIONED BY (cols)]
[DISTRIBUTED BY [HASH|RANGE|RANDOM](cols) [INTO n BUCKETS]]
AS SELECT query_expression;

Brief change log

• Added support for DISTRIBUTED BY syntax in CTAS
• • Added support for PARTITIONED BY syntax in CTAS

Verifying this change

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• Added unit tests to validation and converter classes
• Manually verified the change by running a single node cluster and sql client

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): no
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): no
• The serializers: no
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? yes
• If yes, how is the feature documented? JavaDocs (will follow-up with another PR to update docs)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• b7c537d Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

The @flinkbot bot supports the following commands:

• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[twalthr]

fix typo in name of the method

[twalthr]

remove unused sourceProperties variable

[spena]

Done

[twalthr]

@flinkbot run azure