Made pathfinding on safezone possible

src/GameLogic/GameMapTerrain.cs

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public Point GetRandomCoordinate(Point point, byte maximumRadius)
     [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
     public void UpdateAiGridValue(byte x, byte y)
     {
-        this.AIgrid[x, y] = Convert.ToByte(this.WalkMap[x, y] && !this.SafezoneMap[x, y]);
+        this.AIgrid[x, y] = (byte)((this.WalkMap[x, y] ? 1 : 0) | (this.SafezoneMap[x, y] ? 0b1000_0000 : 0));
     }
 
     /// <summary>

src/GameLogic/INpcIntelligence.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@ public interface INpcIntelligence
     /// </summary>
     NonPlayerCharacter Npc { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance can walk on safezone.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>
+    ///   <c>true</c> if this instance can walk on safezone; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+    /// </value>
+    bool CanWalkOnSafezone { get; }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Registers a hit from an attacker.
     /// </summary>

src/GameLogic/ISupportWalk.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,14 @@ namespace MUnique.OpenMU.GameLogic;
 /// </summary>
 public interface ISupportWalk : ILocateable
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance can walk on safezone.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>
+    ///   <c>true</c> if this instance can walk on safezone; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+    /// </value>
+    bool CanWalkOnSafezone { get; }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets a value indicating whether this instance is walking.
     /// </summary>

src/GameLogic/NPC/BasicMonsterIntelligence.cs

@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ public class BasicMonsterIntelligence : INpcIntelligence, IDisposable
         this.Dispose();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance can walk on safezone.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>
+    ///   <c>true</c> if this instance can walk on safezone; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+    /// </value>
+    public bool CanWalkOnSafezone { get; protected set; }
+
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public NonPlayerCharacter Npc
     {

src/GameLogic/NPC/GuardIntelligence.cs

@@ -20,6 +20,14 @@ public sealed class GuardIntelligence : BasicMonsterIntelligence
 {
     private Point _spawnPoint;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="GuardIntelligence"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    public GuardIntelligence()
+    {
+        this.CanWalkOnSafezone = true;
+    }
+
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public override bool CanWalkOn(Point target)
     {

src/GameLogic/NPC/Monster.cs

@@ -74,11 +74,15 @@ public Monster(MonsterSpawnArea spawnInfo, MonsterDefinition stats, GameMap map,
     /// </value>
     public bool IsWalking => this.WalkTarget != default;
 
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool CanWalkOnSafezone => this._intelligence.CanWalkOnSafezone;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the target by which this instance was summoned by.
     /// </summary>
     public Player? SummonedBy => (this._intelligence as SummonedMonsterIntelligence)?.Owner;
 
+    /// <inheritdoc />
     public Point WalkTarget => this._walker.CurrentTarget;
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -130,7 +134,7 @@ public async ValueTask<bool> WalkToAsync(Point target)
         {
             pathFinder = await this._pathFinderPool.GetAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
             pathFinder.ResetPathFinder();
-            calculatedPath = pathFinder.FindPath(this.Position, target, this.CurrentMap.Terrain.AIgrid);
+            calculatedPath = pathFinder.FindPath(this.Position, target, this.CurrentMap.Terrain.AIgrid, this.CanWalkOnSafezone);
             if (calculatedPath is null)
             {
                 return false;
@@ -228,11 +232,13 @@ internal async ValueTask RandomMoveAsync()
             return;
         }
 
-        var moveByMaxX = Rand.NextInt(1, this.Definition.MoveRange + 1);
-        var moveByMaxY = Rand.NextInt(1, this.Definition.MoveRange + 1);
+        var moveByX = Rand.NextInt(-this.Definition.MoveRange, this.Definition.MoveRange + 1);
+        var moveByY = Rand.NextInt(-this.Definition.MoveRange, this.Definition.MoveRange + 1);
 
-        byte randx = (byte)Rand.NextInt(Math.Max(0, this.Position.X - moveByMaxX), Math.Min(0xFF, this.Position.X + moveByMaxX + 1));
-        byte randy = (byte)Rand.NextInt(Math.Max(0, this.Position.Y - moveByMaxY), Math.Min(0xFF, this.Position.Y + moveByMaxY + 1));
+        var newX = this.Position.X + moveByX;
+        var newY = this.Position.Y + moveByY;
+        byte randx = (byte)Math.Min(0xFF, Math.Max(0, newX));
+        byte randy = (byte)Math.Min(0xFF, Math.Max(0, newY));
 
         var target = new Point(randx, randy);
         if (this._intelligence.CanWalkOn(target))

src/GameLogic/NPC/NullMonsterIntelligence.cs

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ public NonPlayerCharacter Npc
         set => this._npc = value;
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool CanWalkOnSafezone => false;
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public void RegisterHit(IAttacker attacker)
     {

src/GameLogic/NPC/TrapIntelligenceBase.cs

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ public abstract class TrapIntelligenceBase : INpcIntelligence, IDisposable
     private Timer? _aiTimer;
     private Trap? _trap;
 
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool CanWalkOnSafezone => false;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// CanWalkOn?
     /// </summary>

src/GameLogic/Player.cs

@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ public Player(IGameContext gameContext)
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public ILogger<Player> Logger { get; }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public bool CanWalkOnSafezone => true;
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public bool IsWalking => this._walker.CurrentTarget != default;
 

src/Pathfinding/BaseGridNetwork.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@ public abstract class BaseGridNetwork : INetwork
     /// </summary>
     private const byte UnreachableGridNodeValue = 0;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The bit flag which marks a safezone node.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const byte SafezoneBitFlag = 0b1000_0000;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The bit mask for the cost of a node.
+    /// </summary>
+    private const byte CostBitMask = 0b0111_1111;
+
     private static readonly sbyte[,] DirectionOffsets =
     {
         { 0, -1 },
@@ -37,6 +47,11 @@ public abstract class BaseGridNetwork : INetwork
     /// </summary>
     private byte[,]? _grid;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A flag, if safezone nodes should be included in the network.
+    /// </summary>
+    private bool _includeSafezone;
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BaseGridNetwork"/> class.
     /// </summary>
@@ -47,11 +62,12 @@ protected BaseGridNetwork(bool allowDiagonals)
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
-    public virtual bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid)
+    public virtual bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid, bool includeSafezone)
     {
         this._grid = grid;
         this._gridWidth = (ushort)(grid.GetUpperBound(0) + 1);
         this._gridHeight = (ushort)(grid.GetUpperBound(1) + 1);
+        this._includeSafezone = includeSafezone;
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -74,7 +90,13 @@ public IEnumerable<Node> GetPossibleNextNodes(Node node)
             newX = (byte)(node.X + DirectionOffsets[i, 0]);
             newY = (byte)(node.Y + DirectionOffsets[i, 1]);
 
-            if (newX >= this._gridWidth || newY >= this._gridHeight || grid[newX, newY] == UnreachableGridNodeValue)
+            if (!this._includeSafezone && (grid[newX, newY] & SafezoneBitFlag) > 0)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var costToNode = grid[newX, newY] & CostBitMask;
+            if (newX >= this._gridWidth || newY >= this._gridHeight || costToNode == UnreachableGridNodeValue)
             {
                 continue;
             }

src/Pathfinding/FullGridNetwork.cs

@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ public override Node GetNodeAt(Point position)
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
-    public override bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid)
+    public override bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid, bool includeSafezone)
     {
         foreach (var node in this._nodes.Where(n => n != null))
         {
             node.Status = NodeStatus.Undefined;
         }
 
-        return base.Prepare(start, end, grid);
+        return base.Prepare(start, end, grid, includeSafezone);
     }
 
     private int GetIndexOfPoint(Point position)

src/Pathfinding/INetwork.cs

@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@ public interface INetwork
     /// The two-dimensional grid.
     /// For each coordinate it contains the cost of traveling to it from a neighbor coordinate.
     /// The value of 0 means, that the coordinate is unreachable, <see cref="BaseGridNetwork.UnreachableGridNodeValue" />.
+    /// If the highest bit of a value is set, it means it's a coordinate of a safezone.
     /// </param>
+    /// <param name="includeSafezone">If set to <c>true</c>, safezone nodes should be included in the search.</param>
     /// <returns>
     /// If the preparations were successful and the pathfinding can proceed.
     /// </returns>
-    bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid);
+    bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid, bool includeSafezone);
 }

src/Pathfinding/IPathFinder.cs

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ internal interface IPathFinder
     /// The two-dimensional grid of the terrain.
     /// For each coordinate it contains the cost of traveling to it from a neighbor coordinate.
     /// The value of 0 means, that the coordinate is unreachable, <see cref="BaseGridNetwork.UnreachableGridNodeValue" />.
+    /// If the highest bit of a value is set, it means it's a coordinate of a safezone.
     /// </param>
+    /// <param name="includeSafezone">If set to <c>true</c>, safezone nodes should be included in the search.</param>
     /// <param name="cancellationToken">The optional cancellation token to cancel the operation.</param>
     /// <returns>The path between start and end, including <paramref name="end"/>, but excluding <paramref name="start"/>.</returns>
-    IList<PathResultNode>? FindPath(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+    IList<PathResultNode>? FindPath(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, bool includeSafezone, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
 }

src/Pathfinding/PathFinder.cs

@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ public PathFinder(INetwork network, IPriorityQueue<Node> openList)
     public IHeuristic Heuristic { get; set; } = new NoHeuristic();
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
-    public IList<PathResultNode>? FindPath(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    public IList<PathResultNode>? FindPath(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, bool includeSafezone, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
         CurrentSearches.Add(1);
         try
         {
             var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
-            var result = this.FindPathInner(start, end, terrain, cancellationToken);
+            var result = this.FindPathInner(start, end, terrain, includeSafezone, cancellationToken);
             var elapsedMs = (double)stopwatch.ElapsedTicks / TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond;
             if (result is null)
             {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public PathFinder(INetwork network, IPriorityQueue<Node> openList)
         }
     }
 
-    private IList<PathResultNode>? FindPathInner(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    private IList<PathResultNode>? FindPathInner(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, bool includeSafezone, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
         if (this.MaximumDistanceExceeded(start, end))
         {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public PathFinder(INetwork network, IPriorityQueue<Node> openList)
 
         var pathFound = false;
         this._openList.Clear();
-        if (!this._network.Prepare(start, end, terrain))
+        if (!this._network.Prepare(start, end, terrain, includeSafezone))
         {
             return null;
         }

src/Pathfinding/PreCalculation/PreCalculatedPathFinder.cs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public PreCalculatedPathFinder(IEnumerable<PathInfo> pathInfos)
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
-    public IList<PathResultNode>? FindPath(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    public IList<PathResultNode>? FindPath(Point start, Point end, byte[,] terrain, bool includeSafezone, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
         var result = new List<PathResultNode>();
         Point nextStep;

src/Pathfinding/PreCalculation/PreCalculator.cs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ private IEnumerable<PathInfo> FindPaths(Point start, bool[,] map, byte[,] aiGrid
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                var nodes = pathFinder.FindPath(new Point(x, y), start, aiGrid);
+                var nodes = pathFinder.FindPath(new Point(x, y), start, aiGrid, false);
                 if (nodes is { Count: > 0 })
                 {
                     var firstNode = nodes[0];

src/Pathfinding/Readme.md

@@ -15,6 +15,21 @@ IndexedLinkedList working faster under real circumstances.
 The reason is, that it's pretty hard to get the index fast under all conditions,
 because the expected open list lengths and estimated costs are always different.
 
+## Scoped
+
+The implementation can be used in a scoped way, which means that the pathfinder
+is only used for a scoped area of the map. This is useful if you want to calculate
+paths very quickly and you know that the path is only needed in a small area.
+You can read about that on my blog post: [Optimized Pathfinding](https://munique.net/optimizing-pathfinding/).
+
+## Safezones
+
+Safezones are areas on the map where usually no path should be calculated, except
+for special NPCs like guards. By default, the pathfinder will not calculate paths
+on the safezone tiles. You can change this behavior by passing the parameter
+`includeSafezone`. The safezones are encoded into the grid cost values as the
+highest bit.
+
 ## Pre-Calculation
 
 In the sub-folder PreCalculation includes a pathfinder which makes use of

src/Pathfinding/ScopedGridNetwork.cs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public ScopedGridNetwork(bool allowDiagonals = true, byte maximumSegmentSideLeng
     }
 
     /// <inheritdoc/>
-    public override bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid)
+    public override bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid, bool includeSafezone)
     {
         var diffX = Math.Abs(end.X - start.X);
         var diffY = Math.Abs(end.Y - start.Y);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public override bool Prepare(Point start, Point end, byte[,] grid)
             }
         }
 
-        return base.Prepare(start, end, grid);
+        return base.Prepare(start, end, grid, includeSafezone);
 
         byte GetOffset(byte avgValue, int gridSize)
         {