bpo-29546: Improve from-import error message with location

Add location information like canonical module name where identifier
cannot be found and file location if available.

First iteration of this was pythongh-91

Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst

@@ -83,6 +83,9 @@ Other Language Changes
   whitespace, not only spaces.
   (Contributed by Robert Xiao in :issue:`28927`.)
 
+* :exc:`ImportError` now displays module name and module ``__file__`` path when
+  ``from ... import ...`` fails. :issue:`29546`.
+
 
 New Modules
 ===========

Lib/test/test_import/__init__.py

@@ -85,6 +85,15 @@ def test_from_import_missing_attr_has_name_and_path(self):
             from os import i_dont_exist
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, 'os')
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.path, os.__file__)
+        self.assertRegex(str(cm.exception), "cannot import name 'i_dont_exist' from 'os' \(.*/Lib/os.py\)")
+
+    def test_from_import_missing_attr_has_name_and_so_path(self):
+        import _opcode
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
+            from _opcode import i_dont_exist
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, '_opcode')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.path, _opcode.__file__)
+        self.assertRegex(str(cm.exception), "cannot import name 'i_dont_exist' from '_opcode' \(.*\.(so|dll)\)")
 
     def test_from_import_missing_attr_has_name(self):
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
@@ -365,9 +374,12 @@ def __getattr__(self, _):
         module_name = 'test_from_import_AttributeError'
         self.addCleanup(unload, module_name)
         sys.modules[module_name] = AlwaysAttributeError()
-        with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
             from test_from_import_AttributeError import does_not_exist
 
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception),
+            "cannot import name 'does_not_exist' from '<unknown module name>' (unknown location)")
+
 
 @skip_if_dont_write_bytecode
 class FilePermissionTests(unittest.TestCase):

Misc/NEWS

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Core and Builtins
 
 - bpo-29546: Set the 'path' and 'name' attribute on ImportError for ``from ... import ...``.
 
+- bpo-29546: Improve from-import error message with location
+
 - Issue #29319: Prevent RunMainFromImporter overwriting sys.path[0].
 
 - Issue #29337: Fixed possible BytesWarning when compare the code objects.

Python/ceval.c

@@ -4995,7 +4995,7 @@ import_from(PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
 {
     PyObject *x;
     _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-    PyObject *fullmodname, *pkgname, *pkgpath;
+    PyObject *fullmodname, *pkgname, *pkgpath, *pkgname_or_unknown;
 
     x = PyObject_GetAttr(v, name);
     if (x != NULL || !PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError))
@@ -5022,12 +5022,23 @@ import_from(PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
     return x;
  error:
     pkgpath = PyModule_GetFilenameObject(v);
+    if (pkgname == NULL) {
+        pkgname_or_unknown = PyUnicode_FromString("<unknown module name>");
+    } else {
+        pkgname_or_unknown = pkgname;
+    }
 
     if (pkgpath == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(pkgpath)) {
         PyErr_Clear();
-        PyErr_SetImportError(PyUnicode_FromFormat("cannot import name %R", name), pkgname, NULL);
+        PyErr_SetImportError(
+            PyUnicode_FromFormat("cannot import name %R from %R (unknown location)",
+                name, pkgname_or_unknown),
+            pkgname, NULL);
     } else {
-        PyErr_SetImportError(PyUnicode_FromFormat("cannot import name %R", name), pkgname, pkgpath);
+        PyErr_SetImportError(
+            PyUnicode_FromFormat("cannot import name %R from %R (%S)",
+                name, pkgname_or_unknown, pkgpath),
+            pkgname, pkgpath);
     }
 
     return NULL;