pixel

This project is part of the @thi.ng/umbrella monorepo.

• About
  • WIP features
  • Packed integer pixel formats
  • Floating point pixel formats
  • Status
  • Related packages
• Installation
• Dependencies
• Usage examples
• API
• Authors
• License

About

Typed array backed, packed integer and unpacked floating point pixel buffers w/ customizable formats, blitting, dithering, conversions.

• Buffer creation from HTML image elements w/ opt resize & format conversion (browser only)
• Buffer-to-buffer blitting w/ automatic format conversion
• Buffer-to-canvas blitting
• Buffer-to-buffer blending w/ Porter-Duff operators
• Pre/post-multiply alpha
• Region / sub-image extraction
• Single-channel manipulation / extraction / replacement / conversion
• Inversion
• XY pixel accessors
• 10 packed integer and 4 floating point preset formats (see table below)
• Ordered dithering w/ customizable Bayer matrix size and target color steps (int formats only)
• Declarative custom format & optimized code generation
• HTML canvas creation & ImageData utilities

WIP features

• Accessors for normalized channel value
• Pre/Post-multipy (only if alpha is available)
• Re-add strided float buffers / formats
• Dithering
• Readonly texture sampling abstraction
  • Wrap-around behaviors
  • Filtered access (bilinear interpolation)

Packed integer pixel formats

All packed integer formats use the canvas native ABGR 32bit format as common intermediate for conversions. During conversion to ABGR, channels with sizes smaller than 8 bits will be scaled appropriately to ensure an as full-range and as linear as possible mapping. E.g. a 4 bit channel will be scaled by 255 / 15 = 17.

Format specs can freely control channel layout within current limits:

• Channel sizes: 1 - 32 bits.
• Storage: 8, 16 or 32 bits per pixel

New formats can be defined via defPackedFormat().

Format ID	Bits per pixel	Description
ALPHA8	8	8 bit channel (alpha only)
GRAY8	8	8 bit single channel (grayscale conv)
GRAY_ALPHA8	16	8 bit single channel (grayscale conv), 8 bit alpha
GRAY16	16	16 bit single channel (grayscale conv)
GRAY_ALPHA16	32	16 bit single channel (grayscale conv), 16 bit alpha
ARGB4444	16	4 channels @ 4 bits each
ARGB1555	16	5 bits each for RGB, 1 bit alpha
RGB565	16	5 bits red, 6 bits green, 5 bits blue
RGB888	32 (24 effective)	3 channels @ 8 bits each
ARGB8888	32	4 channels @ 8 bits each
BGR888	32 (24 effective)	3 channels @ 8 bits each
ABGR8888	32	4 channels @ 8 bits each

• ALPHA8 is mapped from/to ABGR alpha channel
• GRAY8/16, GRAY_ALPHA8/16 compute grayscale/luminance when converting from ABGR and in return produce grayscale ABGR
• In all built-in formats supporting it, the alpha channel always occupies the most-significant bits (up to format size)

Floating point pixel formats

Strided floating point format presets for use with floatBuffer(). New formats can be defined via defFloatFormat().

Format ID	Channel count	Description
FLOAT_GRAY	1	Single channel / grayscale
FLOAT_GRAY_ALPHA	2	Grayscale and alpha channel
FLOAT_RGB	3	Red, Green, Blue
FLOAT_RGBA	4	Red, Green, Blue, Alpha

• All color channels are unclamped (but can be clamped via buf.clamp()). For conversion to packed int formats assumed to contain normalized data (i.e. [0..1] interval)
• Conversion between float formats is currently unsupported

Status

STABLE - used in production

Related packages

• @thi.ng/porter-duff - Porter-Duff operators for packed ints & float-array alpha compositing

Installation

yarn add @thi.ng/pixel

// ES module
<script type="module" src="https://unpkg.com/@thi.ng/pixel?module" crossorigin></script>

// UMD
<script src="https://unpkg.com/@thi.ng/pixel/lib/index.umd.js" crossorigin></script>

Package sizes (gzipped, pre-treeshake): ESM: 4.78 KB / CJS: 4.96 KB / UMD: 4.88 KB

Dependencies

• @thi.ng/api
• @thi.ng/checks
• @thi.ng/math
• @thi.ng/porter-duff

Usage examples

Several demos in this repo's /examples directory are using this package.

A selection:

Screenshot	Description	Live demo	Source
	Interactive image processing (adaptive threshold)	Demo	Source
	Pixel buffer manipulations	Demo	Source
	Port-Duff image compositing / alpha blending	Demo	Source
	Fork-join worker-based raymarch renderer	Demo	Source
	Minimal multi-pass / GPGPU example	Demo	Source

API

Generated API docs

import * as pix from "@thi.ng/pixel";
import { SRC_OVER_I } from "@thi.ng/porter-duff";

import IMG from "../assets/haystack.jpg";
import LOGO from "../assets/logo-64.png";

Promise
    .all([IMG, LOGO].map(pix.imagePromise))
    .then(([img, logo]) => {

        // init 16 bit packed RGB pixel buffer from image (resized to 256x256)
        const buf = pix.PackedBuffer.fromImage(img, pix.RGB565, 256, 256);

        // create grayscale buffer for logo and use Porter-Duff operator to
        // composite with main image. Since the logo has transparency, we need
        // to premultiply alpha first...
        pix.PackedBuffer.fromImage(logo, pix.GRAY_ALPHA88)
            .premultiply()
            .blend(SRC_OVER_I, buf, {
                dx: 10,
                dy: 10
            });

        // extract sub-image
        const region = buf.getRegion(32, 96, 128, 64);
        // copy region back at new position
        region.blit(buf, { dx: 96, dy: 32 });

        // or alternatively blit buf into itself
        // buf.blit(buf, { dx: 96, dy: 32, sx: 32, sy: 96, w: 128, h: 64 });

        // create html canvas
        // (returns obj of canvas & 2d context)
        const ctx = pix.canvas2d(buf.width, buf.height * 3);

        // write pixel buffer to canvas
        buf.blitCanvas(ctx.canvas);

        // manipulate single color channel (here red)
        const id = 0;
        // obtain channel & invert
        const ch = buf.getChannel(id).invert();
        // create dot pattern
        for (let y = 0; y < ch.height; y += 2) {
            for (let x = (y >> 1) & 1; x < ch.width; x += 2) {
                ch.setAt(x, y, 0xff);
            }
        }
        // replace original channel
        buf.setChannel(id, ch);

        // write pixel buffer to new position
        buf.blitCanvas(ctx.canvas, 0, buf.height);

        // create & write grayscale version
        buf.as(GRAY8).blitCanvas(ctx.canvas, 0, buf.height * 2);

        document.body.appendChild(ctx.canvas);
});

TODO see examples & source comments for now

Authors

Karsten Schmidt

License

© 2019 - 2020 Karsten Schmidt // Apache Software License 2.0