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Features Added in C# Language Versions

C# 9.0 - .NET 5 and Visual Studio 2019 version 16.8

C# 8.0 - .NET Core 3.0 and Visual Studio 2019 version 16.3

  • Nullable reference types: express nullability intent on reference types with ?, notnull constraint and annotations attributes in APIs, the compiler will use those to try and detect possible null values being dereferenced or passed to unsuitable APIs.
  • Default interface members: interfaces can now have members with default implementations, as well as static/private/protected/internal members except for state (ie. no fields).
  • Recursive patterns: positional and property patterns allow testing deeper into an object, and switch expressions allow for testing multiple patterns and producing corresponding results in a compact fashion.
  • Async streams: await foreach and await using allow for asynchronous enumeration and disposal of IAsyncEnumerable<T> collections and IAsyncDisposable resources, and async-iterator methods allow convenient implementation of such asynchronous streams.
  • Enhanced using: a using declaration is added with an implicit scope and using statements and declarations allow disposal of ref structs using a pattern.
  • Ranges and indexes: the i..j syntax allows constructing System.Range instances, the ^k syntax allows constructing System.Index instances, and those can be used to index/slice collections.
  • Null-coalescing assignment: ??= allows conditionally assigning when the value is null.
  • Static local functions: local functions modified with static cannot capture this or local variables, and local function parameters now shadow locals in parent scopes.
  • Unmanaged generic structs: generic struct types that only have unmanaged fields are now considered unmanaged (ie. they satisfy the unmanaged constraint).
  • Readonly members: individual members can now be marked as readonly to indicate and enforce that they do not modify instance state.
  • Stackalloc in nested contexts: stackalloc expressions are now allowed in more expression contexts.
  • Alternative interpolated verbatim strings: @$"..." strings are recognized as interpolated verbatim strings just like $@"...".
  • Obsolete on property accessors: property accessors can now be individually marked as obsolete.
  • Permit t is null on unconstrained type parameter

C# 7.3 - Visual Studio 2017 version 15.7

C# 7.2 - Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5

C# 7.1 - Visual Studio 2017 version 15.3

C# 7.0 - Visual Studio 2017

C# 6 - Visual Studio 2015

C# 5 - Visual Studio 2012

C# 4 - Visual Studio 2010

C# 3 - Visual Studio 2008

C# 2 - Visual Studio 2005

C# 1.2 - Visual Studio .NET 2003

  • Dispose in foreach
  • foreach over string specialization

C# 1.0 - Visual Studio .NET 2002