diff --git a/AUTHORS b/AUTHORS
index dbe1082a648..4b6aa8ffb22 100644
--- a/AUTHORS
+++ b/AUTHORS
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ Other contributors, listed alphabetically, are:
 * Daniel Pizetta -- inheritance diagram improvements
 * KINEBUCHI Tomohiko -- typing Sphinx as well as docutils
 * Adrián Chaves (Gallaecio) -- coverage builder improvements
+* Lars Hupfeldt Nielsen - OpenSSL FIPS mode md5 bug fix
 
 Many thanks for all contributions!
 
diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index 9d788606309..eaa9a0760f1 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Bugs fixed
 ----------
 
 * #7567: autodoc: parametrized types are shown twice for generic types
+* #7611: md5 fails when OpenSSL FIPS is enabled
 
 Testing
 --------
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py b/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
index 320c7feb6b7..463e19b7b70 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/html/__init__.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 import re
 import sys
 import warnings
-from hashlib import md5
 from os import path
 from typing import Any, Dict, IO, Iterable, Iterator, List, Set, Tuple
 
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@
 from sphinx.locale import _, __
 from sphinx.search import js_index
 from sphinx.theming import HTMLThemeFactory
-from sphinx.util import logging, progress_message, status_iterator
+from sphinx.util import logging, progress_message, status_iterator, md5
 from sphinx.util.docutils import is_html5_writer_available, new_document
 from sphinx.util.fileutil import copy_asset
 from sphinx.util.i18n import format_date
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py b/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
index 27b64fbce1d..c21868a6fe3 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 import posixpath
 import re
 import subprocess
-from hashlib import sha1
 from os import path
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError, PIPE
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
 from sphinx.application import Sphinx
 from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
 from sphinx.locale import _, __
-from sphinx.util import logging
+from sphinx.util import logging, sha1
 from sphinx.util.docutils import SphinxDirective, SphinxTranslator
 from sphinx.util.fileutil import copy_asset
 from sphinx.util.i18n import search_image_for_language
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
index 4297ad1829a..2050e470e98 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from hashlib import sha1
 from os import path
 from subprocess import CalledProcessError, PIPE
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@
 from sphinx.deprecation import RemovedInSphinx40Warning, deprecated_alias
 from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
 from sphinx.locale import _, __
-from sphinx.util import logging
+from sphinx.util import logging, sha1
 from sphinx.util.math import get_node_equation_number, wrap_displaymath
 from sphinx.util.osutil import ensuredir
 from sphinx.util.png import read_png_depth, write_png_depth
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py b/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
index db2a15b14c0..7b2383fcadf 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ class E(B): pass
 import builtins
 import inspect
 import re
-from hashlib import md5
 from importlib import import_module
 from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Tuple
 from typing import cast
@@ -55,6 +54,7 @@ class E(B): pass
     graphviz, figure_wrapper,
     render_dot_html, render_dot_latex, render_dot_texinfo
 )
+from sphinx.util import md5
 from sphinx.util.docutils import SphinxDirective
 from sphinx.writers.html import HTMLTranslator
 from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
index d1b513b27c0..57b36b4b0ee 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 
 import os
 import re
-from hashlib import sha1
 from math import ceil
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
 
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
 from sphinx.application import Sphinx
 from sphinx.locale import __
 from sphinx.transforms import SphinxTransform
-from sphinx.util import epoch_to_rfc1123, rfc1123_to_epoch
+from sphinx.util import epoch_to_rfc1123, rfc1123_to_epoch, sha1
 from sphinx.util import logging, requests
 from sphinx.util.images import guess_mimetype, get_image_extension, parse_data_uri
 from sphinx.util.osutil import ensuredir, movefile
diff --git a/sphinx/util/__init__.py b/sphinx/util/__init__.py
index 12ae051f106..2a08821e1f6 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/__init__.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 import fnmatch
 import functools
+import hashlib
 import os
 import posixpath
 import re
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@
 from codecs import BOM_UTF8
 from collections import deque
 from datetime import datetime
-from hashlib import md5
 from importlib import import_module
 from os import path
 from time import mktime, strptime
@@ -170,6 +170,36 @@ def __setstate__(self, state: Set[str]) -> None:
         self._existing = state
 
 
+def md5(data=b'', **kwargs):
+    """Wrapper around hashlib.md5
+
+    Attempt call with 'usedforsecurity=False' if we get a ValueError, which happens when
+    OpenSSL FIPS mode is enabled:
+    ValueError: error:060800A3:digital envelope routines:EVP_DigestInit_ex:disabled for fips
+
+    See: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/7611
+    """
+
+    try:
+        return hashlib.md5(data, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        return hashlib.md5(data, **kwargs, usedforsecurity=False)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def sha1(data=b'', **kwargs):
+    """Wrapper around hashlib.sha1
+
+    Attempt call with 'usedforsecurity=False' if we get a ValueError
+
+    See: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/7611
+    """
+
+    try:
+        return hashlib.sha1(data, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+    except ValueError:
+        return hashlib.sha1(data, **kwargs, usedforsecurity=False)  # type: ignore
+
+
 class DownloadFiles(dict):
     """A special dictionary for download files.
 
diff --git a/tests/test_build_html.py b/tests/test_build_html.py
index ede3683155b..b3406b74c3c 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_html.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_html.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 
 import os
 import re
-from hashlib import md5
 from itertools import cycle, chain
 
 import pytest
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@
 from sphinx.builders.html import validate_html_extra_path, validate_html_static_path
 from sphinx.errors import ConfigError
 from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
-from sphinx.util import docutils
+from sphinx.util import docutils, md5
 from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile