ada.h

/* auto-generated on 2023-07-23 15:03:22 -0400. Do not edit! */
/* begin file include/ada.h */
/**
 * @file ada.h
 * @brief Includes all definitions for Ada.
 */
#ifndef ADA_H
#define ADA_H

/* begin file include/ada/ada_idna.h */
/* auto-generated on 2023-05-07 19:12:14 -0400. Do not edit! */
/* begin file include/idna.h */
#ifndef ADA_IDNA_H
#define ADA_IDNA_H

/* begin file include/ada/idna/unicode_transcoding.h */
#ifndef ADA_IDNA_UNICODE_TRANSCODING_H
#define ADA_IDNA_UNICODE_TRANSCODING_H

#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada::idna {

size_t utf8_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output);

size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t* buf, size_t len);

size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char* buf, size_t len);

size_t utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output);

}  // namespace ada::idna

#endif  // ADA_IDNA_UNICODE_TRANSCODING_H
/* end file include/ada/idna/unicode_transcoding.h */
/* begin file include/ada/idna/mapping.h */
#ifndef ADA_IDNA_MAPPING_H
#define ADA_IDNA_MAPPING_H

#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada::idna {

// If the input is ascii, then the mapping is just -> lower case.
void ascii_map(char* input, size_t length);
// check whether an ascii string needs mapping
bool ascii_has_upper_case(char* input, size_t length);
// Map the characters according to IDNA, returning the empty string on error.
std::u32string map(std::u32string_view input);

}  // namespace ada::idna

#endif
/* end file include/ada/idna/mapping.h */
/* begin file include/ada/idna/normalization.h */
#ifndef ADA_IDNA_NORMALIZATION_H
#define ADA_IDNA_NORMALIZATION_H

#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada::idna {

// Normalize the characters according to IDNA (Unicode Normalization Form C).
void normalize(std::u32string& input);

}  // namespace ada::idna
#endif
/* end file include/ada/idna/normalization.h */
/* begin file include/ada/idna/punycode.h */
#ifndef ADA_IDNA_PUNYCODE_H
#define ADA_IDNA_PUNYCODE_H

#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada::idna {

bool punycode_to_utf32(std::string_view input, std::u32string& out);
bool verify_punycode(std::string_view input);
bool utf32_to_punycode(std::u32string_view input, std::string& out);

}  // namespace ada::idna

#endif  // ADA_IDNA_PUNYCODE_H
/* end file include/ada/idna/punycode.h */
/* begin file include/ada/idna/validity.h */
#ifndef ADA_IDNA_VALIDITY_H
#define ADA_IDNA_VALIDITY_H

#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada::idna {

/**
 * @see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/#Validity_Criteria
 */
bool is_label_valid(const std::u32string_view label);

}  // namespace ada::idna

#endif  // ADA_IDNA_VALIDITY_H
/* end file include/ada/idna/validity.h */
/* begin file include/ada/idna/to_ascii.h */
#ifndef ADA_IDNA_TO_ASCII_H
#define ADA_IDNA_TO_ASCII_H

#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada::idna {

// Converts a domain (e.g., www.google.com) possibly containing international
// characters to an ascii domain (with punycode). It will not do percent
// decoding: percent decoding should be done prior to calling this function. We
// do not remove tabs and spaces, they should have been removed prior to calling
// this function. We also do not trim control characters. We also assume that
// the input is not empty. We return "" on error.
//
//
// This function may accept or even produce invalid domains.
std::string to_ascii(std::string_view ut8_string);

// Returns true if the string contains a forbidden code point according to the
// WHATGL URL specification:
// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#forbidden-domain-code-point
bool contains_forbidden_domain_code_point(std::string_view ascii_string);

bool constexpr begins_with(std::u32string_view view,
                           std::u32string_view prefix);
bool constexpr begins_with(std::string_view view, std::string_view prefix);

bool constexpr is_ascii(std::u32string_view view);
bool constexpr is_ascii(std::string_view view);

}  // namespace ada::idna

#endif  // ADA_IDNA_TO_ASCII_H
/* end file include/ada/idna/to_ascii.h */
/* begin file include/ada/idna/to_unicode.h */

#ifndef ADA_IDNA_TO_UNICODE_H
#define ADA_IDNA_TO_UNICODE_H

#include <string_view>

namespace ada::idna {

std::string to_unicode(std::string_view input);

}  // namespace ada::idna

#endif  // ADA_IDNA_TO_UNICODE_H
/* end file include/ada/idna/to_unicode.h */

#endif
/* end file include/idna.h */
/* end file include/ada/ada_idna.h */
/* begin file include/ada/character_sets-inl.h */
/**
 * @file character_sets-inl.h
 * @brief Definitions of the character sets used by unicode functions.
 * @author Node.js
 * @see https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/src/node_url_tables.cc
 */
#ifndef ADA_CHARACTER_SETS_INL_H
#define ADA_CHARACTER_SETS_INL_H

/* begin file include/ada/character_sets.h */
/**
 * @file character_sets.h
 * @brief Declaration of the character sets used by unicode functions.
 * @author Node.js
 * @see https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/src/node_url_tables.cc
 */
#ifndef ADA_CHARACTER_SETS_H
#define ADA_CHARACTER_SETS_H

/* begin file include/ada/common_defs.h */
/**
 * @file common_defs.h
 * @brief Common definitions for cross-platform compiler support.
 */
#ifndef ADA_COMMON_DEFS_H
#define ADA_COMMON_DEFS_H

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define ADA_VISUAL_STUDIO 1
/**
 * We want to differentiate carefully between
 * clang under visual studio and regular visual
 * studio.
 */
#ifdef __clang__
// clang under visual studio
#define ADA_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO 1
#else
// just regular visual studio (best guess)
#define ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO 1
#endif  // __clang__
#endif  // _MSC_VER

#if defined(__GNUC__)
// Marks a block with a name so that MCA analysis can see it.
#define ADA_BEGIN_DEBUG_BLOCK(name) __asm volatile("# LLVM-MCA-BEGIN " #name);
#define ADA_END_DEBUG_BLOCK(name) __asm volatile("# LLVM-MCA-END " #name);
#define ADA_DEBUG_BLOCK(name, block) \
  BEGIN_DEBUG_BLOCK(name);           \
  block;                             \
  END_DEBUG_BLOCK(name);
#else
#define ADA_BEGIN_DEBUG_BLOCK(name)
#define ADA_END_DEBUG_BLOCK(name)
#define ADA_DEBUG_BLOCK(name, block)
#endif

// Align to N-byte boundary
#define ADA_ROUNDUP_N(a, n) (((a) + ((n)-1)) & ~((n)-1))
#define ADA_ROUNDDOWN_N(a, n) ((a) & ~((n)-1))

#define ADA_ISALIGNED_N(ptr, n) (((uintptr_t)(ptr) & ((n)-1)) == 0)

#if defined(ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO)

#define ada_really_inline __forceinline
#define ada_never_inline __declspec(noinline)

#define ada_unused
#define ada_warn_unused

#ifndef ada_likely
#define ada_likely(x) x
#endif
#ifndef ada_unlikely
#define ada_unlikely(x) x
#endif

#define ADA_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS __pragma(warning(push))
#define ADA_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS __pragma(warning(push, 0))
#define ADA_DISABLE_VS_WARNING(WARNING_NUMBER) \
  __pragma(warning(disable : WARNING_NUMBER))
// Get rid of Intellisense-only warnings (Code Analysis)
// Though __has_include is C++17, it is supported in Visual Studio 2017 or
// better (_MSC_VER>=1910).
#ifdef __has_include
#if __has_include(<CppCoreCheck\Warnings.h>)
#include <CppCoreCheck\Warnings.h>
#define ADA_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS \
  ADA_DISABLE_VS_WARNING(ALL_CPPCORECHECK_WARNINGS)
#endif
#endif

#ifndef ADA_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
#define ADA_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
#endif

#define ADA_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_WARNING ADA_DISABLE_VS_WARNING(4996)
#define ADA_DISABLE_STRICT_OVERFLOW_WARNING
#define ADA_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS __pragma(warning(pop))

#else  // ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO

#define ada_really_inline inline __attribute__((always_inline))
#define ada_never_inline inline __attribute__((noinline))

#define ada_unused __attribute__((unused))
#define ada_warn_unused __attribute__((warn_unused_result))

#ifndef ada_likely
#define ada_likely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
#endif
#ifndef ada_unlikely
#define ada_unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
#endif

#define ADA_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
// gcc doesn't seem to disable all warnings with all and extra, add warnings
// here as necessary
#define ADA_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS               \
  ADA_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS                         \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Weffc++")               \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wall")                  \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wconversion")           \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wextra")                \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wattributes")           \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wimplicit-fallthrough") \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")     \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wreturn-type")          \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wshadow")               \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wunused-parameter")     \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wunused-variable")
#define ADA_PRAGMA(P) _Pragma(#P)
#define ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(WARNING) \
  ADA_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic ignored WARNING)
#if defined(ADA_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO)
#define ADA_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wmicrosoft-include")
#else
#define ADA_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
#endif
#define ADA_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_WARNING \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
#define ADA_DISABLE_STRICT_OVERFLOW_WARNING \
  ADA_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
#define ADA_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")

#endif  // MSC_VER

#if defined(ADA_VISUAL_STUDIO)
/**
 * It does not matter here whether you are using
 * the regular visual studio or clang under visual
 * studio.
 */
#if ADA_USING_LIBRARY
#define ADA_DLLIMPORTEXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
#else
#define ADA_DLLIMPORTEXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#endif
#else
#define ADA_DLLIMPORTEXPORT
#endif

/// If EXPR is an error, returns it.
#define ADA_TRY(EXPR)   \
  {                     \
    auto _err = (EXPR); \
    if (_err) {         \
      return _err;      \
    }                   \
  }

// __has_cpp_attribute is part of C++20
#if !defined(__has_cpp_attribute)
#define __has_cpp_attribute(x) 0
#endif

#if __has_cpp_attribute(gnu::noinline)
#define ADA_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE [[gnu::noinline]]
#else
#define ADA_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
#endif

namespace ada {
[[noreturn]] inline void unreachable() {
#ifdef __GNUC__
  __builtin_unreachable();
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
  __assume(false);
#else
#endif
}
}  // namespace ada

#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
#if __GNUC__ <= 8
#define ADA_OLD_GCC 1
#endif  //  __GNUC__ <= 8
#endif  // defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)

#if ADA_OLD_GCC
#define ada_constexpr
#else
#define ada_constexpr constexpr
#endif

#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
#define ADA_IS_BIG_ENDIAN (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
#elif defined(_WIN32)
#define ADA_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
#else
#if defined(__APPLE__) || \
    defined(__FreeBSD__)  // defined __BYTE_ORDER__ && defined
                          // __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
#include <machine/endian.h>
#elif defined(sun) || \
    defined(__sun)  // defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
#include <sys/byteorder.h>
#else  // defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)

#ifdef __has_include
#if __has_include(<endian.h>)
#include <endian.h>
#endif  //__has_include(<endian.h>)
#endif  //__has_include

#endif  // defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)

#ifndef !defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) || !defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
#define ADA_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
#endif

#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#define ADA_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
#else  // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#define ADA_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 1
#endif  // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__

#endif  // defined __BYTE_ORDER__ && defined __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__

// Unless the programmer has already set ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS,
// we want to set it under debug builds. We detect a debug build
// under Visual Studio when the _DEBUG macro is set. Under the other
// compilers, we use the fact that they define __OPTIMIZE__ whenever
// they allow optimizations.
// It is possible that this could miss some cases where ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
// is helpful, but the programmer can set the macro ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS.
// It could also wrongly set ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS (e.g., if the programmer
// sets _DEBUG in a release build under Visual Studio, or if some compiler fails
// to set the __OPTIMIZE__ macro).
#if !defined(ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS) && !defined(NDEBUG)
#ifdef _MSC_VER
// Visual Studio seems to set _DEBUG for debug builds.
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS 1
#endif  // _DEBUG
#else   // _MSC_VER
// All other compilers appear to set __OPTIMIZE__ to a positive integer
// when the compiler is optimizing.
#ifndef __OPTIMIZE__
#define ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS 1
#endif  // __OPTIMIZE__
#endif  // _MSC_VER
#endif  // ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS

#define ADA_STR(x) #x

#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
#define ADA_REQUIRE(EXPR) \
  {                       \
    if (!(EXPR) { abort(); }) }

#define ADA_FAIL(MESSAGE)                            \
  do {                                               \
    std::cerr << "FAIL: " << (MESSAGE) << std::endl; \
    abort();                                         \
  } while (0);
#define ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(LHS, RHS, MESSAGE)                                    \
  do {                                                                         \
    if (LHS != RHS) {                                                          \
      std::cerr << "Mismatch: '" << LHS << "' - '" << RHS << "'" << std::endl; \
      ADA_FAIL(MESSAGE);                                                       \
    }                                                                          \
  } while (0);
#define ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(COND)                                               \
  do {                                                                      \
    if (!(COND)) {                                                          \
      std::cerr << "Assert at line " << __LINE__ << " of file " << __FILE__ \
                << std::endl;                                               \
      ADA_FAIL(ADA_STR(COND));                                              \
    }                                                                       \
  } while (0);
#else
#define ADA_FAIL(MESSAGE)
#define ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(LHS, RHS, MESSAGE)
#define ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(COND)
#endif

#ifdef ADA_VISUAL_STUDIO
#define ADA_ASSUME(COND) __assume(COND)
#else
#define ADA_ASSUME(COND)                  \
  do {                                    \
    if (!(COND)) __builtin_unreachable(); \
  } while (0)
#endif

#if defined(__SSE2__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64) || \
    (defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_X64) ||                         \
     (defined(_M_IX86_FP) && _M_IX86_FP == 2))
#define ADA_SSE2 1
#endif

#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64)
#define ADA_NEON 1
#endif

#endif  // ADA_COMMON_DEFS_H
/* end file include/ada/common_defs.h */
#include <stdint.h>

/**
 * @namespace ada::character_sets
 * @brief Includes the definitions for unicode character sets.
 */
namespace ada::character_sets {
ada_really_inline bool bit_at(const uint8_t a[], const uint8_t i);
}  // namespace ada::character_sets

#endif  // ADA_CHARACTER_SETS_H
/* end file include/ada/character_sets.h */

namespace ada::character_sets {

constexpr char hex[1024] =
    "%00\0%01\0%02\0%03\0%04\0%05\0%06\0%07\0"
    "%08\0%09\0%0A\0%0B\0%0C\0%0D\0%0E\0%0F\0"
    "%10\0%11\0%12\0%13\0%14\0%15\0%16\0%17\0"
    "%18\0%19\0%1A\0%1B\0%1C\0%1D\0%1E\0%1F\0"
    "%20\0%21\0%22\0%23\0%24\0%25\0%26\0%27\0"
    "%28\0%29\0%2A\0%2B\0%2C\0%2D\0%2E\0%2F\0"
    "%30\0%31\0%32\0%33\0%34\0%35\0%36\0%37\0"
    "%38\0%39\0%3A\0%3B\0%3C\0%3D\0%3E\0%3F\0"
    "%40\0%41\0%42\0%43\0%44\0%45\0%46\0%47\0"
    "%48\0%49\0%4A\0%4B\0%4C\0%4D\0%4E\0%4F\0"
    "%50\0%51\0%52\0%53\0%54\0%55\0%56\0%57\0"
    "%58\0%59\0%5A\0%5B\0%5C\0%5D\0%5E\0%5F\0"
    "%60\0%61\0%62\0%63\0%64\0%65\0%66\0%67\0"
    "%68\0%69\0%6A\0%6B\0%6C\0%6D\0%6E\0%6F\0"
    "%70\0%71\0%72\0%73\0%74\0%75\0%76\0%77\0"
    "%78\0%79\0%7A\0%7B\0%7C\0%7D\0%7E\0%7F\0"
    "%80\0%81\0%82\0%83\0%84\0%85\0%86\0%87\0"
    "%88\0%89\0%8A\0%8B\0%8C\0%8D\0%8E\0%8F\0"
    "%90\0%91\0%92\0%93\0%94\0%95\0%96\0%97\0"
    "%98\0%99\0%9A\0%9B\0%9C\0%9D\0%9E\0%9F\0"
    "%A0\0%A1\0%A2\0%A3\0%A4\0%A5\0%A6\0%A7\0"
    "%A8\0%A9\0%AA\0%AB\0%AC\0%AD\0%AE\0%AF\0"
    "%B0\0%B1\0%B2\0%B3\0%B4\0%B5\0%B6\0%B7\0"
    "%B8\0%B9\0%BA\0%BB\0%BC\0%BD\0%BE\0%BF\0"
    "%C0\0%C1\0%C2\0%C3\0%C4\0%C5\0%C6\0%C7\0"
    "%C8\0%C9\0%CA\0%CB\0%CC\0%CD\0%CE\0%CF\0"
    "%D0\0%D1\0%D2\0%D3\0%D4\0%D5\0%D6\0%D7\0"
    "%D8\0%D9\0%DA\0%DB\0%DC\0%DD\0%DE\0%DF\0"
    "%E0\0%E1\0%E2\0%E3\0%E4\0%E5\0%E6\0%E7\0"
    "%E8\0%E9\0%EA\0%EB\0%EC\0%ED\0%EE\0%EF\0"
    "%F0\0%F1\0%F2\0%F3\0%F4\0%F5\0%F6\0%F7\0"
    "%F8\0%F9\0%FA\0%FB\0%FC\0%FD\0%FE\0%FF";

constexpr uint8_t C0_CONTROL_PERCENT_ENCODE[32] = {
    // 00     01     02     03     04     05     06     07
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 08     09     0A     0B     0C     0D     0E     0F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 18     19     1A     1B     1C     1D     1E     1F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 28     29     2A     2B     2C     2D     2E     2F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 38     39     3A     3B     3C     3D     3E     3F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 48     49     4A     4B     4C     4D     4E     4F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 50     51     52     53     54     55     56     57
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 58     59     5A     5B     5C     5D     5E     5F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 60     61     62     63     64     65     66     67
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 68     69     6A     6B     6C     6D     6E     6F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 70     71     72     73     74     75     76     77
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 78     79     7A     7B     7C     7D     7E     7F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 80     81     82     83     84     85     86     87
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 88     89     8A     8B     8C     8D     8E     8F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 90     91     92     93     94     95     96     97
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 98     99     9A     9B     9C     9D     9E     9F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A0     A1     A2     A3     A4     A5     A6     A7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A8     A9     AA     AB     AC     AD     AE     AF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B0     B1     B2     B3     B4     B5     B6     B7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B8     B9     BA     BB     BC     BD     BE     BF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C0     C1     C2     C3     C4     C5     C6     C7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C8     C9     CA     CB     CC     CD     CE     CF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D0     D1     D2     D3     D4     D5     D6     D7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D8     D9     DA     DB     DC     DD     DE     DF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E0     E1     E2     E3     E4     E5     E6     E7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E8     E9     EA     EB     EC     ED     EE     EF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F0     F1     F2     F3     F4     F5     F6     F7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F8     F9     FA     FB     FC     FD     FE     FF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80};

constexpr uint8_t SPECIAL_QUERY_PERCENT_ENCODE[32] = {
    // 00     01     02     03     04     05     06     07
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 08     09     0A     0B     0C     0D     0E     0F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 18     19     1A     1B     1C     1D     1E     1F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 28     29     2A     2B     2C     2D     2E     2F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 38     39     3A     3B     3C     3D     3E     3F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x10 | 0x00 | 0x40 | 0x00,
    // 40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 48     49     4A     4B     4C     4D     4E     4F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 50     51     52     53     54     55     56     57
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 58     59     5A     5B     5C     5D     5E     5F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 60     61     62     63     64     65     66     67
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 68     69     6A     6B     6C     6D     6E     6F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 70     71     72     73     74     75     76     77
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 78     79     7A     7B     7C     7D     7E     7F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 80     81     82     83     84     85     86     87
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 88     89     8A     8B     8C     8D     8E     8F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 90     91     92     93     94     95     96     97
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 98     99     9A     9B     9C     9D     9E     9F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A0     A1     A2     A3     A4     A5     A6     A7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A8     A9     AA     AB     AC     AD     AE     AF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B0     B1     B2     B3     B4     B5     B6     B7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B8     B9     BA     BB     BC     BD     BE     BF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C0     C1     C2     C3     C4     C5     C6     C7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C8     C9     CA     CB     CC     CD     CE     CF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D0     D1     D2     D3     D4     D5     D6     D7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D8     D9     DA     DB     DC     DD     DE     DF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E0     E1     E2     E3     E4     E5     E6     E7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E8     E9     EA     EB     EC     ED     EE     EF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F0     F1     F2     F3     F4     F5     F6     F7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F8     F9     FA     FB     FC     FD     FE     FF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80};

constexpr uint8_t QUERY_PERCENT_ENCODE[32] = {
    // 00     01     02     03     04     05     06     07
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 08     09     0A     0B     0C     0D     0E     0F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 18     19     1A     1B     1C     1D     1E     1F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 28     29     2A     2B     2C     2D     2E     2F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 38     39     3A     3B     3C     3D     3E     3F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x10 | 0x00 | 0x40 | 0x00,
    // 40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 48     49     4A     4B     4C     4D     4E     4F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 50     51     52     53     54     55     56     57
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 58     59     5A     5B     5C     5D     5E     5F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 60     61     62     63     64     65     66     67
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 68     69     6A     6B     6C     6D     6E     6F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 70     71     72     73     74     75     76     77
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 78     79     7A     7B     7C     7D     7E     7F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 80     81     82     83     84     85     86     87
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 88     89     8A     8B     8C     8D     8E     8F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 90     91     92     93     94     95     96     97
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 98     99     9A     9B     9C     9D     9E     9F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A0     A1     A2     A3     A4     A5     A6     A7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A8     A9     AA     AB     AC     AD     AE     AF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B0     B1     B2     B3     B4     B5     B6     B7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B8     B9     BA     BB     BC     BD     BE     BF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C0     C1     C2     C3     C4     C5     C6     C7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C8     C9     CA     CB     CC     CD     CE     CF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D0     D1     D2     D3     D4     D5     D6     D7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D8     D9     DA     DB     DC     DD     DE     DF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E0     E1     E2     E3     E4     E5     E6     E7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E8     E9     EA     EB     EC     ED     EE     EF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F0     F1     F2     F3     F4     F5     F6     F7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F8     F9     FA     FB     FC     FD     FE     FF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80};

constexpr uint8_t FRAGMENT_PERCENT_ENCODE[32] = {
    // 00     01     02     03     04     05     06     07
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 08     09     0A     0B     0C     0D     0E     0F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 18     19     1A     1B     1C     1D     1E     1F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x04 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 28     29     2A     2B     2C     2D     2E     2F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 38     39     3A     3B     3C     3D     3E     3F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x10 | 0x00 | 0x40 | 0x00,
    // 40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 48     49     4A     4B     4C     4D     4E     4F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 50     51     52     53     54     55     56     57
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 58     59     5A     5B     5C     5D     5E     5F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 60     61     62     63     64     65     66     67
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 68     69     6A     6B     6C     6D     6E     6F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 70     71     72     73     74     75     76     77
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 78     79     7A     7B     7C     7D     7E     7F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 80     81     82     83     84     85     86     87
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 88     89     8A     8B     8C     8D     8E     8F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 90     91     92     93     94     95     96     97
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 98     99     9A     9B     9C     9D     9E     9F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A0     A1     A2     A3     A4     A5     A6     A7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A8     A9     AA     AB     AC     AD     AE     AF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B0     B1     B2     B3     B4     B5     B6     B7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B8     B9     BA     BB     BC     BD     BE     BF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C0     C1     C2     C3     C4     C5     C6     C7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C8     C9     CA     CB     CC     CD     CE     CF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D0     D1     D2     D3     D4     D5     D6     D7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D8     D9     DA     DB     DC     DD     DE     DF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E0     E1     E2     E3     E4     E5     E6     E7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E8     E9     EA     EB     EC     ED     EE     EF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F0     F1     F2     F3     F4     F5     F6     F7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F8     F9     FA     FB     FC     FD     FE     FF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80};

constexpr uint8_t USERINFO_PERCENT_ENCODE[32] = {
    // 00     01     02     03     04     05     06     07
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 08     09     0A     0B     0C     0D     0E     0F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 18     19     1A     1B     1C     1D     1E     1F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 28     29     2A     2B     2C     2D     2E     2F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 38     39     3A     3B     3C     3D     3E     3F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 48     49     4A     4B     4C     4D     4E     4F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 50     51     52     53     54     55     56     57
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 58     59     5A     5B     5C     5D     5E     5F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x00,
    // 60     61     62     63     64     65     66     67
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 68     69     6A     6B     6C     6D     6E     6F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 70     71     72     73     74     75     76     77
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 78     79     7A     7B     7C     7D     7E     7F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 80     81     82     83     84     85     86     87
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 88     89     8A     8B     8C     8D     8E     8F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 90     91     92     93     94     95     96     97
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 98     99     9A     9B     9C     9D     9E     9F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A0     A1     A2     A3     A4     A5     A6     A7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A8     A9     AA     AB     AC     AD     AE     AF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B0     B1     B2     B3     B4     B5     B6     B7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B8     B9     BA     BB     BC     BD     BE     BF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C0     C1     C2     C3     C4     C5     C6     C7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C8     C9     CA     CB     CC     CD     CE     CF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D0     D1     D2     D3     D4     D5     D6     D7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D8     D9     DA     DB     DC     DD     DE     DF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E0     E1     E2     E3     E4     E5     E6     E7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E8     E9     EA     EB     EC     ED     EE     EF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F0     F1     F2     F3     F4     F5     F6     F7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F8     F9     FA     FB     FC     FD     FE     FF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80};

constexpr uint8_t PATH_PERCENT_ENCODE[32] = {
    // 00     01     02     03     04     05     06     07
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 08     09     0A     0B     0C     0D     0E     0F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 18     19     1A     1B     1C     1D     1E     1F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 28     29     2A     2B     2C     2D     2E     2F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 38     39     3A     3B     3C     3D     3E     3F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x10 | 0x00 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 48     49     4A     4B     4C     4D     4E     4F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 50     51     52     53     54     55     56     57
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 58     59     5A     5B     5C     5D     5E     5F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 60     61     62     63     64     65     66     67
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 68     69     6A     6B     6C     6D     6E     6F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 70     71     72     73     74     75     76     77
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 78     79     7A     7B     7C     7D     7E     7F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x08 | 0x00 | 0x20 | 0x00 | 0x80,
    // 80     81     82     83     84     85     86     87
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 88     89     8A     8B     8C     8D     8E     8F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 90     91     92     93     94     95     96     97
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 98     99     9A     9B     9C     9D     9E     9F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A0     A1     A2     A3     A4     A5     A6     A7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A8     A9     AA     AB     AC     AD     AE     AF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B0     B1     B2     B3     B4     B5     B6     B7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B8     B9     BA     BB     BC     BD     BE     BF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C0     C1     C2     C3     C4     C5     C6     C7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C8     C9     CA     CB     CC     CD     CE     CF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D0     D1     D2     D3     D4     D5     D6     D7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D8     D9     DA     DB     DC     DD     DE     DF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E0     E1     E2     E3     E4     E5     E6     E7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E8     E9     EA     EB     EC     ED     EE     EF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F0     F1     F2     F3     F4     F5     F6     F7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F8     F9     FA     FB     FC     FD     FE     FF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80};

constexpr uint8_t WWW_FORM_URLENCODED_PERCENT_ENCODE[32] = {
    // 00     01     02     03     04     05     06     07
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 08     09     0A     0B     0C     0D     0E     0F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 18     19     1A     1B     1C     1D     1E     1F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27
    0x00 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 28     29     2A     2B     2C     2D     2E     2F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x00 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 30     31     32     33     34     35     36     37
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 38     39     3A     3B     3C     3D     3E     3F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x10 | 0x00 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 40     41     42     43     44     45     46     47
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 48     49     4A     4B     4C     4D     4E     4F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 50     51     52     53     54     55     56     57
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 58     59     5A     5B     5C     5D     5E     5F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 60     61     62     63     64     65     66     67
    0x01 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 68     69     6A     6B     6C     6D     6E     6F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 70     71     72     73     74     75     76     77
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00,
    // 78     79     7A     7B     7C     7D     7E     7F
    0x00 | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0x08 | 0x00 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 80     81     82     83     84     85     86     87
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 88     89     8A     8B     8C     8D     8E     8F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 90     91     92     93     94     95     96     97
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // 98     99     9A     9B     9C     9D     9E     9F
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A0     A1     A2     A3     A4     A5     A6     A7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // A8     A9     AA     AB     AC     AD     AE     AF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B0     B1     B2     B3     B4     B5     B6     B7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // B8     B9     BA     BB     BC     BD     BE     BF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C0     C1     C2     C3     C4     C5     C6     C7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // C8     C9     CA     CB     CC     CD     CE     CF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D0     D1     D2     D3     D4     D5     D6     D7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // D8     D9     DA     DB     DC     DD     DE     DF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E0     E1     E2     E3     E4     E5     E6     E7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // E8     E9     EA     EB     EC     ED     EE     EF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F0     F1     F2     F3     F4     F5     F6     F7
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80,
    // F8     F9     FA     FB     FC     FD     FE     FF
    0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80};

ada_really_inline bool bit_at(const uint8_t a[], const uint8_t i) {
  return !!(a[i >> 3] & (1 << (i & 7)));
}

}  // namespace ada::character_sets

#endif  // ADA_CHARACTER_SETS_H
/* end file include/ada/character_sets-inl.h */
/* begin file include/ada/checkers-inl.h */
/**
 * @file checkers-inl.h
 * @brief Definitions for URL specific checkers used within Ada.
 */
#ifndef ADA_CHECKERS_INL_H
#define ADA_CHECKERS_INL_H


#include <string_view>
#include <cstring>

namespace ada::checkers {

inline bool has_hex_prefix_unsafe(std::string_view input) {
  // This is actually efficient code, see has_hex_prefix for the assembly.
  uint32_t value_one = 1;
  bool is_little_endian = (reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value_one)[0] == 1);
  uint16_t word0x{};
  std::memcpy(&word0x, "0x", 2);  // we would use bit_cast in C++20 and the
                                  // function could be constexpr.
  uint16_t two_first_bytes{};
  std::memcpy(&two_first_bytes, input.data(), 2);
  if (is_little_endian) {
    two_first_bytes |= 0x2000;
  } else {
    two_first_bytes |= 0x020;
  }
  return two_first_bytes == word0x;
}

inline bool has_hex_prefix(std::string_view input) {
  return input.size() >= 2 && has_hex_prefix_unsafe(input);
}

constexpr bool is_digit(char x) noexcept { return (x >= '0') & (x <= '9'); }

constexpr char to_lower(char x) noexcept { return (x | 0x20); }

constexpr bool is_alpha(char x) noexcept {
  return (to_lower(x) >= 'a') && (to_lower(x) <= 'z');
}

inline constexpr bool is_windows_drive_letter(std::string_view input) noexcept {
  return input.size() >= 2 &&
         (is_alpha(input[0]) && ((input[1] == ':') || (input[1] == '|'))) &&
         ((input.size() == 2) || (input[2] == '/' || input[2] == '\\' ||
                                  input[2] == '?' || input[2] == '#'));
}

inline constexpr bool is_normalized_windows_drive_letter(
    std::string_view input) noexcept {
  return input.size() >= 2 && (is_alpha(input[0]) && (input[1] == ':'));
}

ada_really_inline constexpr bool begins_with(std::string_view view,
                                             std::string_view prefix) {
  // in C++20, you have view.begins_with(prefix)
  return view.size() >= prefix.size() &&
         (view.substr(0, prefix.size()) == prefix);
}

}  // namespace ada::checkers

#endif  // ADA_CHECKERS_H
/* end file include/ada/checkers-inl.h */
/* begin file include/ada/log.h */
/**
 * @file log.h
 * @brief Includes the definitions for logging.
 * @private Excluded from docs through the doxygen file.
 */
#ifndef ADA_LOG_H
#define ADA_LOG_H

#include <iostream>
// To enable logging, set ADA_LOGGING to 1:
#ifndef ADA_LOGGING
#define ADA_LOGGING 0
#endif

namespace ada {

/**
 * Private function used for logging messages.
 * @private
 */
template <typename T>
ada_really_inline void inner_log([[maybe_unused]] T t) {
#if ADA_LOGGING
  std::cout << t << std::endl;
#endif
}

/**
 * Private function used for logging messages.
 * @private
 */
template <typename T, typename... Args>
ada_really_inline void inner_log([[maybe_unused]] T t,
                                 [[maybe_unused]] Args... args) {
#if ADA_LOGGING
  std::cout << t;
  inner_log(args...);
#endif
}

/**
 * Log a message.
 * @private
 */
template <typename T, typename... Args>
ada_really_inline void log([[maybe_unused]] T t,
                           [[maybe_unused]] Args... args) {
#if ADA_LOGGING
  std::cout << "ADA_LOG: " << t;
  inner_log(args...);
#endif
}

/**
 * Log a message.
 * @private
 */
template <typename T>
ada_really_inline void log([[maybe_unused]] T t) {
#if ADA_LOGGING
  std::cout << "ADA_LOG: " << t << std::endl;
#endif
}
}  // namespace ada

#if ADA_LOGGING

#ifndef ada_log
#define ada_log(...)       \
  do {                     \
    ada::log(__VA_ARGS__); \
  } while (0)
#endif  // ada_log
#else
#define ada_log(...)
#endif  // ADA_LOGGING

#endif  // ADA_LOG_H
/* end file include/ada/log.h */
/* begin file include/ada/encoding_type.h */
/**
 * @file encoding_type.h
 * @brief Definition for supported encoding types.
 */
#ifndef ADA_ENCODING_TYPE_H
#define ADA_ENCODING_TYPE_H

#include <string>

namespace ada {

/**
 * This specification defines three encodings with the same names as encoding
 * schemes defined in the Unicode standard: UTF-8, UTF-16LE, and UTF-16BE.
 *
 * @see https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#encodings
 */
enum class encoding_type {
  UTF8,
  UTF_16LE,
  UTF_16BE,
};

/**
 * Convert a encoding_type to string.
 */
ada_warn_unused std::string to_string(encoding_type type);

}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_ENCODING_TYPE_H
/* end file include/ada/encoding_type.h */
/* begin file include/ada/helpers.h */
/**
 * @file helpers.h
 * @brief Definitions for helper functions used within Ada.
 */
#ifndef ADA_HELPERS_H
#define ADA_HELPERS_H

/* begin file include/ada/state.h */
/**
 * @file state.h
 * @brief Definitions for the states of the URL state machine.
 */
#ifndef ADA_STATE_H
#define ADA_STATE_H


#include <string>

namespace ada {

/**
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-parsing
 */
enum class state {
  AUTHORITY,
  SCHEME_START,
  SCHEME,
  HOST,
  NO_SCHEME,
  FRAGMENT,
  RELATIVE_SCHEME,
  RELATIVE_SLASH,
  FILE,
  FILE_HOST,
  FILE_SLASH,
  PATH_OR_AUTHORITY,
  SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_IGNORE_SLASHES,
  SPECIAL_AUTHORITY_SLASHES,
  SPECIAL_RELATIVE_OR_AUTHORITY,
  QUERY,
  PATH,
  PATH_START,
  OPAQUE_PATH,
  PORT,
};

/**
 * Stringify a URL state machine state.
 */
ada_warn_unused std::string to_string(ada::state s);

}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_STATE_H
/* end file include/ada/state.h */
/* begin file include/ada/url_base.h */
/**
 * @file url_base.h
 * @brief Declaration for the basic URL definitions
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_BASE_H
#define ADA_URL_BASE_H

/* begin file include/ada/url_components.h */
/**
 * @file url_components.h
 * @brief Declaration for the URL Components
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_COMPONENTS_H
#define ADA_URL_COMPONENTS_H


#include <optional>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada {

/**
 * @brief URL Component representations using offsets.
 *
 * @details We design the url_components struct so that it is as small
 * and simple as possible. This version uses 32 bytes.
 *
 * This struct is used to extract components from a single 'href'.
 */
struct url_components {
  constexpr static uint32_t omitted = uint32_t(-1);

  url_components() = default;
  url_components(const url_components &u) = default;
  url_components(url_components &&u) noexcept = default;
  url_components &operator=(url_components &&u) noexcept = default;
  url_components &operator=(const url_components &u) = default;
  ~url_components() = default;

  /*
   * By using 32-bit integers, we implicitly assume that the URL string
   * cannot exceed 4 GB.
   *
   * https://user:pass@example.com:1234/foo/bar?baz#quux
   *       |     |    |          | ^^^^|       |   |
   *       |     |    |          | |   |       |   `----- hash_start
   *       |     |    |          | |   |       `--------- search_start
   *       |     |    |          | |   `----------------- pathname_start
   *       |     |    |          | `--------------------- port
   *       |     |    |          `----------------------- host_end
   *       |     |    `---------------------------------- host_start
   *       |     `--------------------------------------- username_end
   *       `--------------------------------------------- protocol_end
   */
  uint32_t protocol_end{0};
  /**
   * Username end is not `omitted` by default to make username and password
   * getters less costly to implement.
   */
  uint32_t username_end{0};
  uint32_t host_start{0};
  uint32_t host_end{0};
  uint32_t port{omitted};
  uint32_t pathname_start{0};
  uint32_t search_start{omitted};
  uint32_t hash_start{omitted};

  /**
   * Check the following conditions:
   * protocol_end < username_end < ... < hash_start,
   * expect when a value is omitted. It also computes
   * a lower bound on  the possible string length that may match these
   * offsets.
   * @return true if the offset values are
   *  consistent with a possible URL string
   */
  bool check_offset_consistency() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Converts a url_components to JSON stringified version.
   */
  std::string to_string() const;

};  // struct url_components

}  // namespace ada
#endif
/* end file include/ada/url_components.h */
/* begin file include/ada/scheme.h */
/**
 * @file scheme.h
 * @brief Declarations for the URL scheme.
 */
#ifndef ADA_SCHEME_H
#define ADA_SCHEME_H


#include <array>
#include <optional>
#include <string>

/**
 * @namespace ada::scheme
 * @brief Includes the scheme declarations
 */
namespace ada::scheme {

/**
 * Type of the scheme as an enum.
 * Using strings to represent a scheme type is not ideal because
 * checking for types involves string comparisons. It is faster to use
 * a simple integer.
 * In C++11, we are allowed to specify the underlying type of the enum.
 * We pick an 8-bit integer (which allows up to 256 types). Specifying the
 * type of the enum may help integration with other systems if the type
 * variable is exposed (since its value will not depend on the compiler).
 */
enum type : uint8_t {
  HTTP = 0,
  NOT_SPECIAL = 1,
  HTTPS = 2,
  WS = 3,
  FTP = 4,
  WSS = 5,
  FILE = 6
};

/**
 * A special scheme is an ASCII string that is listed in the first column of the
 * following table. The default port for a special scheme is listed in the
 * second column on the same row. The default port for any other ASCII string is
 * null.
 *
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
 * @param scheme
 * @return If scheme is a special scheme
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_special(std::string_view scheme);

/**
 * A special scheme is an ASCII string that is listed in the first column of the
 * following table. The default port for a special scheme is listed in the
 * second column on the same row. The default port for any other ASCII string is
 * null.
 *
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-miscellaneous
 * @param scheme
 * @return The special port
 */
constexpr uint16_t get_special_port(std::string_view scheme) noexcept;

/**
 * Returns the port number of a special scheme.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#special-scheme
 */
constexpr uint16_t get_special_port(ada::scheme::type type) noexcept;
/**
 * Returns the scheme of an input, or NOT_SPECIAL if it's not a special scheme
 * defined by the spec.
 */
constexpr ada::scheme::type get_scheme_type(std::string_view scheme) noexcept;

}  // namespace ada::scheme

#endif  // ADA_SCHEME_H
/* end file include/ada/scheme.h */

#include <string_view>

namespace ada {

/**
 * @brief Base class of URL implementations
 *
 * @details A url_base contains a few attributes: is_valid, has_opaque_path and
 * type. All non-trivial implementation details are in derived classes such as
 * ada::url and ada::url_aggregator.
 *
 * It is an abstract class that cannot be instantiated directly.
 */
struct url_base {
  virtual ~url_base() = default;

  /**
   * Used for returning the validity from the result of the URL parser.
   */
  bool is_valid{true};

  /**
   * A URL has an opaque path if its path is a string.
   */
  bool has_opaque_path{false};

  /**
   * @private
   */
  ada::scheme::type type{ada::scheme::type::NOT_SPECIAL};

  /**
   * A URL is special if its scheme is a special scheme. A URL is not special if
   * its scheme is not a special scheme.
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool is_special() const noexcept;

  /**
   * The origin getter steps are to return the serialization of this's URL's
   * origin. [HTML]
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin
   */
  [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string get_origin() const noexcept = 0;

  /**
   * Returns true if this URL has a valid domain as per RFC 1034 and
   * corresponding specifications. Among other things, it requires
   * that the domain string has fewer than 255 octets.
   */
  [[nodiscard]] virtual bool has_valid_domain() const noexcept = 0;

  /**
   * @private
   *
   * Return the 'special port' if the URL is special and not 'file'.
   * Returns 0 otherwise.
   */
  [[nodiscard]] inline uint16_t get_special_port() const noexcept;

  /**
   * @private
   *
   * Get the default port if the url's scheme has one, returns 0 otherwise.
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline uint16_t scheme_default_port() const noexcept;

  /**
   * @private
   *
   * Parse a port (16-bit decimal digit) from the provided input.
   * We assume that the input does not contain spaces or tabs
   * within the ASCII digits.
   * It returns how many bytes were consumed when a number is successfully
   * parsed.
   * @return On failure, it returns zero.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#host-parsing
   */
  virtual ada_really_inline size_t parse_port(
      std::string_view view, bool check_trailing_content = false) noexcept = 0;

  /**
   * Returns a JSON string representation of this URL.
   */
  virtual std::string to_string() const = 0;

  /** @private */
  virtual inline void clear_pathname() = 0;

  /** @private */
  virtual inline void clear_search() = 0;

  /** @private */
  virtual inline bool has_hash() const noexcept = 0;

  /** @private */
  virtual inline bool has_search() const noexcept = 0;

};  // url_base

}  // namespace ada

#endif
/* end file include/ada/url_base.h */

#include <string_view>
#include <optional>

/**
 * @private
 * @namespace ada::helpers
 * @brief Includes the definitions for helper functions
 */
namespace ada::helpers {

/**
 * @private
 */
template <typename out_iter>
void encode_json(std::string_view view, out_iter out);

/**
 * @private
 * This function is used to prune a fragment from a url, and returning the
 * removed string if input has fragment.
 *
 * @details prune_hash seeks the first '#' and returns everything after it
 * as a string_view, and modifies (in place) the input so that it points at
 * everything before the '#'. If no '#' is found, the input is left unchanged
 * and std::nullopt is returned.
 *
 * @attention The function is non-allocating and it does not throw.
 * @returns Note that the returned string_view might be empty!
 */
ada_really_inline std::optional<std::string_view> prune_hash(
    std::string_view& input) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Defined by the URL specification, shorten a URLs paths.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#shorten-a-urls-path
 * @returns Returns true if path is shortened.
 */
ada_really_inline bool shorten_path(std::string& path,
                                    ada::scheme::type type) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Defined by the URL specification, shorten a URLs paths.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#shorten-a-urls-path
 * @returns Returns true if path is shortened.
 */
ada_really_inline bool shorten_path(std::string_view& path,
                                    ada::scheme::type type) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 *
 * Parse the path from the provided input and append to the existing
 * (possibly empty) path. The input cannot contain tabs and spaces: it
 * is the user's responsibility to check.
 *
 * The input is expected to be UTF-8.
 *
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/
 */
ada_really_inline void parse_prepared_path(const std::string_view input,
                                           ada::scheme::type type,
                                           std::string& path);

/**
 * @private
 * Remove and mutate all ASCII tab or newline characters from an input.
 */
ada_really_inline void remove_ascii_tab_or_newline(std::string& input) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Return the substring from input going from index pos to the end.
 * This function cannot throw.
 */
ada_really_inline std::string_view substring(std::string_view input,
                                             size_t pos) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Returns true if the string_view points within the string.
 */
bool overlaps(std::string_view input1, const std::string& input2) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Return the substring from input going from index pos1 to the pos2 (non
 * included). The length of the substring is pos2 - pos1.
 */
ada_really_inline std::string_view substring(const std::string& input,
                                             size_t pos1,
                                             size_t pos2) noexcept {
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  if (pos2 < pos1) {
    std::cerr << "Negative-length substring: [" << pos1 << " to " << pos2 << ")"
              << std::endl;
    abort();
  }
#endif
  return std::string_view(input.data() + pos1, pos2 - pos1);
}

/**
 * @private
 * Modify the string_view so that it has the new size pos, assuming that pos <=
 * input.size(). This function cannot throw.
 */
ada_really_inline void resize(std::string_view& input, size_t pos) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Returns a host's delimiter location depending on the state of the instance,
 * and whether a colon was found outside brackets. Used by the host parser.
 */
ada_really_inline std::pair<size_t, bool> get_host_delimiter_location(
    const bool is_special, std::string_view& view) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Removes leading and trailing C0 control and whitespace characters from
 * string.
 */
ada_really_inline void trim_c0_whitespace(std::string_view& input) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * @see
 * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#potentially-strip-trailing-spaces-from-an-opaque-path
 */
template <class url_type>
ada_really_inline void strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path(
    url_type& url) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Reverse the order of the bytes.
 */
ada_really_inline uint64_t swap_bytes(uint64_t val) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Reverse the order of the bytes but only if the system is big endian
 */
ada_really_inline uint64_t swap_bytes_if_big_endian(uint64_t val) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Finds the delimiter of a view in authority state.
 */
ada_really_inline size_t
find_authority_delimiter_special(std::string_view view) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 * Finds the delimiter of a view in authority state.
 */
ada_really_inline size_t
find_authority_delimiter(std::string_view view) noexcept;

/**
 * @private
 */
template <typename T, typename... Args>
inline void inner_concat(std::string& buffer, T t) {
  buffer.append(t);
}

/**
 * @private
 */
template <typename T, typename... Args>
inline void inner_concat(std::string& buffer, T t, Args... args) {
  buffer.append(t);
  return inner_concat(buffer, args...);
}

/**
 * Concatenate the arguments and return a string.
 * @returns a string
 */
template <typename... Args>
std::string concat(Args... args) {
  std::string answer;
  inner_concat(answer, args...);
  return answer;
}

/**
 * @return Number of leading zeroes.
 */
inline int leading_zeroes(uint32_t input_num) noexcept {
#if ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
  unsigned long leading_zero(0);
  unsigned long in(input_num);
  return _BitScanReverse(&leading_zero, in) ? int(31 - leading_zero) : 32;
#else
  return __builtin_clz(input_num);
#endif  // ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
}

/**
 * Counts the number of decimal digits necessary to represent x.
 * faster than std::to_string(x).size().
 * @return digit count
 */
inline int fast_digit_count(uint32_t x) noexcept {
  auto int_log2 = [](uint32_t z) -> int {
    return 31 - ada::helpers::leading_zeroes(z | 1);
  };
  // Compiles to very few instructions. Note that the
  // table is static and thus effectively a constant.
  // We leave it inside the function because it is meaningless
  // outside of it (this comes at no performance cost).
  const static uint64_t table[] = {
      4294967296,  8589934582,  8589934582,  8589934582,  12884901788,
      12884901788, 12884901788, 17179868184, 17179868184, 17179868184,
      21474826480, 21474826480, 21474826480, 21474826480, 25769703776,
      25769703776, 25769703776, 30063771072, 30063771072, 30063771072,
      34349738368, 34349738368, 34349738368, 34349738368, 38554705664,
      38554705664, 38554705664, 41949672960, 41949672960, 41949672960,
      42949672960, 42949672960};
  return int((x + table[int_log2(x)]) >> 32);
}
}  // namespace ada::helpers

#endif  // ADA_HELPERS_H
/* end file include/ada/helpers.h */
/* begin file include/ada/parser.h */
/**
 * @file parser.h
 * @brief Definitions for the parser.
 */
#ifndef ADA_PARSER_H
#define ADA_PARSER_H

/* begin file include/ada/expected.h */
/**
 * @file expected.h
 * @brief Definitions for std::expected
 * @private Excluded from docs through the doxygen file.
 */
///
// expected - An implementation of std::expected with extensions
// Written in 2017 by Sy Brand (tartanllama@gmail.com, @TartanLlama)
//
// Documentation available at http://tl.tartanllama.xyz/
//
// To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
// copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the
// public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
//
// You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication
// along with this software. If not, see
// <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
///

#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_HPP
#define TL_EXPECTED_HPP

#define TL_EXPECTED_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define TL_EXPECTED_VERSION_MINOR 0
#define TL_EXPECTED_VERSION_PATCH 1

#include <exception>
#include <functional>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>

#if defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)
#define TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
#endif

#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1900)
#define TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015
#define TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015_CONSTEXPR
#else
#define TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015_CONSTEXPR constexpr
#endif

#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 9 && \
     !defined(__clang__))
#define TL_EXPECTED_GCC49
#endif

#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 5 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 4 && \
     !defined(__clang__))
#define TL_EXPECTED_GCC54
#endif

#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 5 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 5 && \
     !defined(__clang__))
#define TL_EXPECTED_GCC55
#endif

#if (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 9 && \
     !defined(__clang__))
// GCC < 5 doesn't support overloading on const&& for member functions

#define TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
// GCC < 5 doesn't support some standard C++11 type traits
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T) \
  std::has_trivial_copy_constructor<T>
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) \
  std::has_trivial_copy_assign<T>

// This one will be different for GCC 5.7 if it's ever supported
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T) \
  std::is_trivially_destructible<T>

// GCC 5 < v < 8 has a bug in is_trivially_copy_constructible which breaks
// std::vector for non-copyable types
#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 8 && !defined(__clang__))
#ifndef TL_GCC_LESS_8_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE_MUTEX
#define TL_GCC_LESS_8_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE_MUTEX
namespace tl {
namespace detail {
template <class T>
struct is_trivially_copy_constructible
    : std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T> {};
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_VECTOR
template <class T, class A>
struct is_trivially_copy_constructible<std::vector<T, A>> : std::false_type {};
#endif
}  // namespace detail
}  // namespace tl
#endif

#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T) \
  tl::detail::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) \
  std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T) \
  std::is_trivially_destructible<T>
#else
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T) \
  std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T) \
  std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>
#define TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T) \
  std::is_trivially_destructible<T>
#endif

#if __cplusplus > 201103L
#define TL_EXPECTED_CXX14
#endif

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_GCC49
#define TL_EXPECTED_GCC49_CONSTEXPR
#else
#define TL_EXPECTED_GCC49_CONSTEXPR constexpr
#endif

#if (__cplusplus == 201103L || defined(TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015) || \
     defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC49))
#define TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR
#else
#define TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR constexpr
#endif

namespace tl {
template <class T, class E>
class expected;

#ifndef TL_MONOSTATE_INPLACE_MUTEX
#define TL_MONOSTATE_INPLACE_MUTEX
class monostate {};

struct in_place_t {
  explicit in_place_t() = default;
};
static constexpr in_place_t in_place{};
#endif

template <class E>
class unexpected {
 public:
  static_assert(!std::is_same<E, void>::value, "E must not be void");

  unexpected() = delete;
  constexpr explicit unexpected(const E &e) : m_val(e) {}

  constexpr explicit unexpected(E &&e) : m_val(std::move(e)) {}

  template <class... Args, typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<
                               E, Args &&...>::value>::type * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit unexpected(Args &&...args)
      : m_val(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
  template <
      class U, class... Args,
      typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<
          E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value>::type * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit unexpected(std::initializer_list<U> l, Args &&...args)
      : m_val(l, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}

  constexpr const E &value() const & { return m_val; }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR E &value() & { return m_val; }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR E &&value() && { return std::move(m_val); }
  constexpr const E &&value() const && { return std::move(m_val); }

 private:
  E m_val;
};

#ifdef __cpp_deduction_guides
template <class E>
unexpected(E) -> unexpected<E>;
#endif

template <class E>
constexpr bool operator==(const unexpected<E> &lhs, const unexpected<E> &rhs) {
  return lhs.value() == rhs.value();
}
template <class E>
constexpr bool operator!=(const unexpected<E> &lhs, const unexpected<E> &rhs) {
  return lhs.value() != rhs.value();
}
template <class E>
constexpr bool operator<(const unexpected<E> &lhs, const unexpected<E> &rhs) {
  return lhs.value() < rhs.value();
}
template <class E>
constexpr bool operator<=(const unexpected<E> &lhs, const unexpected<E> &rhs) {
  return lhs.value() <= rhs.value();
}
template <class E>
constexpr bool operator>(const unexpected<E> &lhs, const unexpected<E> &rhs) {
  return lhs.value() > rhs.value();
}
template <class E>
constexpr bool operator>=(const unexpected<E> &lhs, const unexpected<E> &rhs) {
  return lhs.value() >= rhs.value();
}

template <class E>
unexpected<typename std::decay<E>::type> make_unexpected(E &&e) {
  return unexpected<typename std::decay<E>::type>(std::forward<E>(e));
}

struct unexpect_t {
  unexpect_t() = default;
};
static constexpr unexpect_t unexpect{};

namespace detail {
template <typename E>
[[noreturn]] TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR void throw_exception(E &&e) {
#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
  throw std::forward<E>(e);
#else
#ifdef _MSC_VER
  __assume(0);
#else
  __builtin_unreachable();
#endif
#endif
}

#ifndef TL_TRAITS_MUTEX
#define TL_TRAITS_MUTEX
// C++14-style aliases for brevity
template <class T>
using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
template <class T>
using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
template <class T>
using decay_t = typename std::decay<T>::type;
template <bool E, class T = void>
using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<E, T>::type;
template <bool B, class T, class F>
using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;

// std::conjunction from C++17
template <class...>
struct conjunction : std::true_type {};
template <class B>
struct conjunction<B> : B {};
template <class B, class... Bs>
struct conjunction<B, Bs...>
    : std::conditional<bool(B::value), conjunction<Bs...>, B>::type {};

#if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && __cplusplus == 201103L
#define TL_TRAITS_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
#endif

// In C++11 mode, there's an issue in libc++'s std::mem_fn
// which results in a hard-error when using it in a noexcept expression
// in some cases. This is a check to workaround the common failing case.
#ifdef TL_TRAITS_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
template <class T>
struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func : std::false_type {};
template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...)>
    : std::true_type {};
template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) &>
    : std::true_type {};
template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) &&>
    : std::true_type {};
template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile>
    : std::true_type {};
template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile &>
    : std::true_type {};
template <class T, class Ret, class... Args>
struct is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Ret (T::*)(Args...) volatile &&>
    : std::true_type {};

template <class T>
struct is_const_or_const_ref : std::false_type {};
template <class T>
struct is_const_or_const_ref<T const &> : std::true_type {};
template <class T>
struct is_const_or_const_ref<T const> : std::true_type {};
#endif

// std::invoke from C++17
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38288042/c11-14-invoke-workaround
template <
    typename Fn, typename... Args,
#ifdef TL_TRAITS_LIBCXX_MEM_FN_WORKAROUND
    typename = enable_if_t<!(is_pointer_to_non_const_member_func<Fn>::value &&
                             is_const_or_const_ref<Args...>::value)>,
#endif
    typename = enable_if_t<std::is_member_pointer<decay_t<Fn>>::value>, int = 0>
constexpr auto invoke(Fn &&f, Args &&...args) noexcept(
    noexcept(std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
    -> decltype(std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
  return std::mem_fn(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

template <typename Fn, typename... Args,
          typename = enable_if_t<!std::is_member_pointer<decay_t<Fn>>::value>>
constexpr auto invoke(Fn &&f, Args &&...args) noexcept(
    noexcept(std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
    -> decltype(std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
  return std::forward<Fn>(f)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}

// std::invoke_result from C++17
template <class F, class, class... Us>
struct invoke_result_impl;

template <class F, class... Us>
struct invoke_result_impl<
    F,
    decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Us>()...), void()),
    Us...> {
  using type =
      decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(), std::declval<Us>()...));
};

template <class F, class... Us>
using invoke_result = invoke_result_impl<F, void, Us...>;

template <class F, class... Us>
using invoke_result_t = typename invoke_result<F, Us...>::type;

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1900
// TODO make a version which works with MSVC 2015
template <class T, class U = T>
struct is_swappable : std::true_type {};

template <class T, class U = T>
struct is_nothrow_swappable : std::true_type {};
#else
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26744589/what-is-a-proper-way-to-implement-is-swappable-to-test-for-the-swappable-concept
namespace swap_adl_tests {
// if swap ADL finds this then it would call std::swap otherwise (same
// signature)
struct tag {};

template <class T>
tag swap(T &, T &);
template <class T, std::size_t N>
tag swap(T (&a)[N], T (&b)[N]);

// helper functions to test if an unqualified swap is possible, and if it
// becomes std::swap
template <class, class>
std::false_type can_swap(...) noexcept(false);
template <class T, class U,
          class = decltype(swap(std::declval<T &>(), std::declval<U &>()))>
std::true_type can_swap(int) noexcept(noexcept(swap(std::declval<T &>(),
                                                    std::declval<U &>())));

template <class, class>
std::false_type uses_std(...);
template <class T, class U>
std::is_same<decltype(swap(std::declval<T &>(), std::declval<U &>())), tag>
uses_std(int);

template <class T>
struct is_std_swap_noexcept
    : std::integral_constant<bool,
                             std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value &&
                                 std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value> {};

template <class T, std::size_t N>
struct is_std_swap_noexcept<T[N]> : is_std_swap_noexcept<T> {};

template <class T, class U>
struct is_adl_swap_noexcept
    : std::integral_constant<bool, noexcept(can_swap<T, U>(0))> {};
}  // namespace swap_adl_tests

template <class T, class U = T>
struct is_swappable
    : std::integral_constant<
          bool,
          decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::can_swap<T, U>(0))::value &&
              (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value ||
               (std::is_move_assignable<T>::value &&
                std::is_move_constructible<T>::value))> {};

template <class T, std::size_t N>
struct is_swappable<T[N], T[N]>
    : std::integral_constant<
          bool,
          decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::can_swap<T[N], T[N]>(0))::value &&
              (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T[N], T[N]>(
                   0))::value ||
               is_swappable<T, T>::value)> {};

template <class T, class U = T>
struct is_nothrow_swappable
    : std::integral_constant<
          bool,
          is_swappable<T, U>::value &&
              ((decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value &&
                detail::swap_adl_tests::is_std_swap_noexcept<T>::value) ||
               (!decltype(detail::swap_adl_tests::uses_std<T, U>(0))::value &&
                detail::swap_adl_tests::is_adl_swap_noexcept<T, U>::value))> {};
#endif
#endif

// Trait for checking if a type is a tl::expected
template <class T>
struct is_expected_impl : std::false_type {};
template <class T, class E>
struct is_expected_impl<expected<T, E>> : std::true_type {};
template <class T>
using is_expected = is_expected_impl<decay_t<T>>;

template <class T, class E, class U>
using expected_enable_forward_value = detail::enable_if_t<
    std::is_constructible<T, U &&>::value &&
    !std::is_same<detail::decay_t<U>, in_place_t>::value &&
    !std::is_same<expected<T, E>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value &&
    !std::is_same<unexpected<E>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value>;

template <class T, class E, class U, class G, class UR, class GR>
using expected_enable_from_other = detail::enable_if_t<
    std::is_constructible<T, UR>::value &&
    std::is_constructible<E, GR>::value &&
    !std::is_constructible<T, expected<U, G> &>::value &&
    !std::is_constructible<T, expected<U, G> &&>::value &&
    !std::is_constructible<T, const expected<U, G> &>::value &&
    !std::is_constructible<T, const expected<U, G> &&>::value &&
    !std::is_convertible<expected<U, G> &, T>::value &&
    !std::is_convertible<expected<U, G> &&, T>::value &&
    !std::is_convertible<const expected<U, G> &, T>::value &&
    !std::is_convertible<const expected<U, G> &&, T>::value>;

template <class T, class U>
using is_void_or = conditional_t<std::is_void<T>::value, std::true_type, U>;

template <class T>
using is_copy_constructible_or_void =
    is_void_or<T, std::is_copy_constructible<T>>;

template <class T>
using is_move_constructible_or_void =
    is_void_or<T, std::is_move_constructible<T>>;

template <class T>
using is_copy_assignable_or_void = is_void_or<T, std::is_copy_assignable<T>>;

template <class T>
using is_move_assignable_or_void = is_void_or<T, std::is_move_assignable<T>>;

}  // namespace detail

namespace detail {
struct no_init_t {};
static constexpr no_init_t no_init{};

// Implements the storage of the values, and ensures that the destructor is
// trivial if it can be.
//
// This specialization is for where neither `T` or `E` is trivially
// destructible, so the destructors must be called on destruction of the
// `expected`
template <class T, class E, bool = std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value,
          bool = std::is_trivially_destructible<E>::value>
struct expected_storage_base {
  constexpr expected_storage_base() : m_val(T{}), m_has_val(true) {}
  constexpr expected_storage_base(no_init_t) : m_no_init(), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_val(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                T, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                  Args &&...args)
      : m_val(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}
  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t,
                                           std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                           Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  ~expected_storage_base() {
    if (m_has_val) {
      m_val.~T();
    } else {
      m_unexpect.~unexpected<E>();
    }
  }
  union {
    T m_val;
    unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
    char m_no_init;
  };
  bool m_has_val;
};

// This specialization is for when both `T` and `E` are trivially-destructible,
// so the destructor of the `expected` can be trivial.
template <class T, class E>
struct expected_storage_base<T, E, true, true> {
  constexpr expected_storage_base() : m_val(T{}), m_has_val(true) {}
  constexpr expected_storage_base(no_init_t) : m_no_init(), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_val(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                T, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                  Args &&...args)
      : m_val(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}
  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t,
                                           std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                           Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  ~expected_storage_base() = default;
  union {
    T m_val;
    unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
    char m_no_init;
  };
  bool m_has_val;
};

// T is trivial, E is not.
template <class T, class E>
struct expected_storage_base<T, E, true, false> {
  constexpr expected_storage_base() : m_val(T{}), m_has_val(true) {}
  TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015_CONSTEXPR expected_storage_base(no_init_t)
      : m_no_init(), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_val(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                T, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                  Args &&...args)
      : m_val(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}
  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t,
                                           std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                           Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  ~expected_storage_base() {
    if (!m_has_val) {
      m_unexpect.~unexpected<E>();
    }
  }

  union {
    T m_val;
    unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
    char m_no_init;
  };
  bool m_has_val;
};

// E is trivial, T is not.
template <class T, class E>
struct expected_storage_base<T, E, false, true> {
  constexpr expected_storage_base() : m_val(T{}), m_has_val(true) {}
  constexpr expected_storage_base(no_init_t) : m_no_init(), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_val(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                T, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                  Args &&...args)
      : m_val(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(true) {}
  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t,
                                           std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                           Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  ~expected_storage_base() {
    if (m_has_val) {
      m_val.~T();
    }
  }
  union {
    T m_val;
    unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
    char m_no_init;
  };
  bool m_has_val;
};

// `T` is `void`, `E` is trivially-destructible
template <class E>
struct expected_storage_base<void, E, false, true> {
#if __GNUC__ <= 5
// no constexpr for GCC 4/5 bug
#else
  TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015_CONSTEXPR
#endif
  expected_storage_base() : m_has_val(true) {}

  constexpr expected_storage_base(no_init_t) : m_val(), m_has_val(false) {}

  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t) : m_has_val(true) {}

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t,
                                           std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                           Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  ~expected_storage_base() = default;
  struct dummy {};
  union {
    unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
    dummy m_val;
  };
  bool m_has_val;
};

// `T` is `void`, `E` is not trivially-destructible
template <class E>
struct expected_storage_base<void, E, false, false> {
  constexpr expected_storage_base() : m_dummy(), m_has_val(true) {}
  constexpr expected_storage_base(no_init_t) : m_dummy(), m_has_val(false) {}

  constexpr expected_storage_base(in_place_t) : m_dummy(), m_has_val(true) {}

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t,
                                           std::initializer_list<U> il,
                                           Args &&...args)
      : m_unexpect(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...), m_has_val(false) {}

  ~expected_storage_base() {
    if (!m_has_val) {
      m_unexpect.~unexpected<E>();
    }
  }

  union {
    unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
    char m_dummy;
  };
  bool m_has_val;
};

// This base class provides some handy member functions which can be used in
// further derived classes
template <class T, class E>
struct expected_operations_base : expected_storage_base<T, E> {
  using expected_storage_base<T, E>::expected_storage_base;

  template <class... Args>
  void construct(Args &&...args) noexcept {
    new (std::addressof(this->m_val)) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    this->m_has_val = true;
  }

  template <class Rhs>
  void construct_with(Rhs &&rhs) noexcept {
    new (std::addressof(this->m_val)) T(std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).get());
    this->m_has_val = true;
  }

  template <class... Args>
  void construct_error(Args &&...args) noexcept {
    new (std::addressof(this->m_unexpect))
        unexpected<E>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    this->m_has_val = false;
  }

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED

  // These assign overloads ensure that the most efficient assignment
  // implementation is used while maintaining the strong exception guarantee.
  // The problematic case is where rhs has a value, but *this does not.
  //
  // This overload handles the case where we can just copy-construct `T`
  // directly into place without throwing.
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<U>::value>
                * = nullptr>
  void assign(const expected_operations_base &rhs) noexcept {
    if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
      geterr().~unexpected<E>();
      construct(rhs.get());
    } else {
      assign_common(rhs);
    }
  }

  // This overload handles the case where we can attempt to create a copy of
  // `T`, then no-throw move it into place if the copy was successful.
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<U>::value &&
                                std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<U>::value>
                * = nullptr>
  void assign(const expected_operations_base &rhs) noexcept {
    if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
      T tmp = rhs.get();
      geterr().~unexpected<E>();
      construct(std::move(tmp));
    } else {
      assign_common(rhs);
    }
  }

  // This overload is the worst-case, where we have to move-construct the
  // unexpected value into temporary storage, then try to copy the T into place.
  // If the construction succeeds, then everything is fine, but if it throws,
  // then we move the old unexpected value back into place before rethrowing the
  // exception.
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<U>::value &&
                                !std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<U>::value>
                * = nullptr>
  void assign(const expected_operations_base &rhs) {
    if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
      auto tmp = std::move(geterr());
      geterr().~unexpected<E>();

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
      try {
        construct(rhs.get());
      } catch (...) {
        geterr() = std::move(tmp);
        throw;
      }
#else
      construct(rhs.get());
#endif
    } else {
      assign_common(rhs);
    }
  }

  // These overloads do the same as above, but for rvalues
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<U>::value>
                * = nullptr>
  void assign(expected_operations_base &&rhs) noexcept {
    if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
      geterr().~unexpected<E>();
      construct(std::move(rhs).get());
    } else {
      assign_common(std::move(rhs));
    }
  }

  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<U>::value>
                * = nullptr>
  void assign(expected_operations_base &&rhs) {
    if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
      auto tmp = std::move(geterr());
      geterr().~unexpected<E>();
#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
      try {
        construct(std::move(rhs).get());
      } catch (...) {
        geterr() = std::move(tmp);
        throw;
      }
#else
      construct(std::move(rhs).get());
#endif
    } else {
      assign_common(std::move(rhs));
    }
  }

#else

  // If exceptions are disabled then we can just copy-construct
  void assign(const expected_operations_base &rhs) noexcept {
    if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
      geterr().~unexpected<E>();
      construct(rhs.get());
    } else {
      assign_common(rhs);
    }
  }

  void assign(expected_operations_base &&rhs) noexcept {
    if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
      geterr().~unexpected<E>();
      construct(std::move(rhs).get());
    } else {
      assign_common(rhs);
    }
  }

#endif

  // The common part of move/copy assigning
  template <class Rhs>
  void assign_common(Rhs &&rhs) {
    if (this->m_has_val) {
      if (rhs.m_has_val) {
        get() = std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).get();
      } else {
        destroy_val();
        construct_error(std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).geterr());
      }
    } else {
      if (!rhs.m_has_val) {
        geterr() = std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).geterr();
      }
    }
  }

  bool has_value() const { return this->m_has_val; }

  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR T &get() & { return this->m_val; }
  constexpr const T &get() const & { return this->m_val; }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR T &&get() && { return std::move(this->m_val); }
#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  constexpr const T &&get() const && { return std::move(this->m_val); }
#endif

  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR unexpected<E> &geterr() & {
    return this->m_unexpect;
  }
  constexpr const unexpected<E> &geterr() const & { return this->m_unexpect; }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR unexpected<E> &&geterr() && {
    return std::move(this->m_unexpect);
  }
#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  constexpr const unexpected<E> &&geterr() const && {
    return std::move(this->m_unexpect);
  }
#endif

  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR void destroy_val() { get().~T(); }
};

// This base class provides some handy member functions which can be used in
// further derived classes
template <class E>
struct expected_operations_base<void, E> : expected_storage_base<void, E> {
  using expected_storage_base<void, E>::expected_storage_base;

  template <class... Args>
  void construct() noexcept {
    this->m_has_val = true;
  }

  // This function doesn't use its argument, but needs it so that code in
  // levels above this can work independently of whether T is void
  template <class Rhs>
  void construct_with(Rhs &&) noexcept {
    this->m_has_val = true;
  }

  template <class... Args>
  void construct_error(Args &&...args) noexcept {
    new (std::addressof(this->m_unexpect))
        unexpected<E>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    this->m_has_val = false;
  }

  template <class Rhs>
  void assign(Rhs &&rhs) noexcept {
    if (!this->m_has_val) {
      if (rhs.m_has_val) {
        geterr().~unexpected<E>();
        construct();
      } else {
        geterr() = std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).geterr();
      }
    } else {
      if (!rhs.m_has_val) {
        construct_error(std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).geterr());
      }
    }
  }

  bool has_value() const { return this->m_has_val; }

  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR unexpected<E> &geterr() & {
    return this->m_unexpect;
  }
  constexpr const unexpected<E> &geterr() const & { return this->m_unexpect; }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR unexpected<E> &&geterr() && {
    return std::move(this->m_unexpect);
  }
#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  constexpr const unexpected<E> &&geterr() const && {
    return std::move(this->m_unexpect);
  }
#endif

  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR void destroy_val() {
    // no-op
  }
};

// This class manages conditionally having a trivial copy constructor
// This specialization is for when T and E are trivially copy constructible
template <class T, class E,
          bool = is_void_or<T, TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T)>::
              value &&TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(E)::value>
struct expected_copy_base : expected_operations_base<T, E> {
  using expected_operations_base<T, E>::expected_operations_base;
};

// This specialization is for when T or E are not trivially copy constructible
template <class T, class E>
struct expected_copy_base<T, E, false> : expected_operations_base<T, E> {
  using expected_operations_base<T, E>::expected_operations_base;

  expected_copy_base() = default;
  expected_copy_base(const expected_copy_base &rhs)
      : expected_operations_base<T, E>(no_init) {
    if (rhs.has_value()) {
      this->construct_with(rhs);
    } else {
      this->construct_error(rhs.geterr());
    }
  }

  expected_copy_base(expected_copy_base &&rhs) = default;
  expected_copy_base &operator=(const expected_copy_base &rhs) = default;
  expected_copy_base &operator=(expected_copy_base &&rhs) = default;
};

// This class manages conditionally having a trivial move constructor
// Unfortunately there's no way to achieve this in GCC < 5 AFAIK, since it
// doesn't implement an analogue to std::is_trivially_move_constructible. We
// have to make do with a non-trivial move constructor even if T is trivially
// move constructible
#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_GCC49
template <class T, class E,
          bool = is_void_or<T, std::is_trivially_move_constructible<T>>::value
              &&std::is_trivially_move_constructible<E>::value>
struct expected_move_base : expected_copy_base<T, E> {
  using expected_copy_base<T, E>::expected_copy_base;
};
#else
template <class T, class E, bool = false>
struct expected_move_base;
#endif
template <class T, class E>
struct expected_move_base<T, E, false> : expected_copy_base<T, E> {
  using expected_copy_base<T, E>::expected_copy_base;

  expected_move_base() = default;
  expected_move_base(const expected_move_base &rhs) = default;

  expected_move_base(expected_move_base &&rhs) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
      : expected_copy_base<T, E>(no_init) {
    if (rhs.has_value()) {
      this->construct_with(std::move(rhs));
    } else {
      this->construct_error(std::move(rhs.geterr()));
    }
  }
  expected_move_base &operator=(const expected_move_base &rhs) = default;
  expected_move_base &operator=(expected_move_base &&rhs) = default;
};

// This class manages conditionally having a trivial copy assignment operator
template <class T, class E,
          bool = is_void_or<
              T, conjunction<TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(T),
                             TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(T),
                             TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(T)>>::value
              &&TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_ASSIGNABLE(E)::value
                  &&TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE(E)::value
                      &&TL_EXPECTED_IS_TRIVIALLY_DESTRUCTIBLE(E)::value>
struct expected_copy_assign_base : expected_move_base<T, E> {
  using expected_move_base<T, E>::expected_move_base;
};

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_copy_assign_base<T, E, false> : expected_move_base<T, E> {
  using expected_move_base<T, E>::expected_move_base;

  expected_copy_assign_base() = default;
  expected_copy_assign_base(const expected_copy_assign_base &rhs) = default;

  expected_copy_assign_base(expected_copy_assign_base &&rhs) = default;
  expected_copy_assign_base &operator=(const expected_copy_assign_base &rhs) {
    this->assign(rhs);
    return *this;
  }
  expected_copy_assign_base &operator=(expected_copy_assign_base &&rhs) =
      default;
};

// This class manages conditionally having a trivial move assignment operator
// Unfortunately there's no way to achieve this in GCC < 5 AFAIK, since it
// doesn't implement an analogue to std::is_trivially_move_assignable. We have
// to make do with a non-trivial move assignment operator even if T is trivially
// move assignable
#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_GCC49
template <class T, class E,
          bool =
              is_void_or<T, conjunction<std::is_trivially_destructible<T>,
                                        std::is_trivially_move_constructible<T>,
                                        std::is_trivially_move_assignable<T>>>::
                  value &&std::is_trivially_destructible<E>::value
                      &&std::is_trivially_move_constructible<E>::value
                          &&std::is_trivially_move_assignable<E>::value>
struct expected_move_assign_base : expected_copy_assign_base<T, E> {
  using expected_copy_assign_base<T, E>::expected_copy_assign_base;
};
#else
template <class T, class E, bool = false>
struct expected_move_assign_base;
#endif

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_move_assign_base<T, E, false>
    : expected_copy_assign_base<T, E> {
  using expected_copy_assign_base<T, E>::expected_copy_assign_base;

  expected_move_assign_base() = default;
  expected_move_assign_base(const expected_move_assign_base &rhs) = default;

  expected_move_assign_base(expected_move_assign_base &&rhs) = default;

  expected_move_assign_base &operator=(const expected_move_assign_base &rhs) =
      default;

  expected_move_assign_base &
  operator=(expected_move_assign_base &&rhs) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value
          &&std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value) {
    this->assign(std::move(rhs));
    return *this;
  }
};

// expected_delete_ctor_base will conditionally delete copy and move
// constructors depending on whether T is copy/move constructible
template <class T, class E,
          bool EnableCopy = (is_copy_constructible_or_void<T>::value &&
                             std::is_copy_constructible<E>::value),
          bool EnableMove = (is_move_constructible_or_void<T>::value &&
                             std::is_move_constructible<E>::value)>
struct expected_delete_ctor_base {
  expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) =
      default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
};

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E, true, false> {
  expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept = delete;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) =
      default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
};

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E, false, true> {
  expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) = delete;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) =
      default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
};

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E, false, false> {
  expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) = delete;
  expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept = delete;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base &) =
      default;
  expected_delete_ctor_base &operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
};

// expected_delete_assign_base will conditionally delete copy and move
// constructors depending on whether T and E are copy/move constructible +
// assignable
template <class T, class E,
          bool EnableCopy = (is_copy_constructible_or_void<T>::value &&
                             std::is_copy_constructible<E>::value &&
                             is_copy_assignable_or_void<T>::value &&
                             std::is_copy_assignable<E>::value),
          bool EnableMove = (is_move_constructible_or_void<T>::value &&
                             std::is_move_constructible<E>::value &&
                             is_move_assignable_or_void<T>::value &&
                             std::is_move_assignable<E>::value)>
struct expected_delete_assign_base {
  expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base &) = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base &) =
      default;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(
      expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept = default;
};

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_delete_assign_base<T, E, true, false> {
  expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base &) = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base &) =
      default;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(
      expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept = delete;
};

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_delete_assign_base<T, E, false, true> {
  expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base &) = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base &) =
      delete;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(
      expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept = default;
};

template <class T, class E>
struct expected_delete_assign_base<T, E, false, false> {
  expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base &) = default;
  expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base &) =
      delete;
  expected_delete_assign_base &operator=(
      expected_delete_assign_base &&) noexcept = delete;
};

// This is needed to be able to construct the expected_default_ctor_base which
// follows, while still conditionally deleting the default constructor.
struct default_constructor_tag {
  explicit constexpr default_constructor_tag() = default;
};

// expected_default_ctor_base will ensure that expected has a deleted default
// constructor if T is not default constructible.
// This specialization is for when T is default constructible
template <class T, class E,
          bool Enable =
              std::is_default_constructible<T>::value || std::is_void<T>::value>
struct expected_default_ctor_base {
  constexpr expected_default_ctor_base() noexcept = default;
  constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(
      expected_default_ctor_base const &) noexcept = default;
  constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(expected_default_ctor_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
  expected_default_ctor_base &operator=(
      expected_default_ctor_base const &) noexcept = default;
  expected_default_ctor_base &operator=(
      expected_default_ctor_base &&) noexcept = default;

  constexpr explicit expected_default_ctor_base(default_constructor_tag) {}
};

// This specialization is for when T is not default constructible
template <class T, class E>
struct expected_default_ctor_base<T, E, false> {
  constexpr expected_default_ctor_base() noexcept = delete;
  constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(
      expected_default_ctor_base const &) noexcept = default;
  constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(expected_default_ctor_base &&) noexcept =
      default;
  expected_default_ctor_base &operator=(
      expected_default_ctor_base const &) noexcept = default;
  expected_default_ctor_base &operator=(
      expected_default_ctor_base &&) noexcept = default;

  constexpr explicit expected_default_ctor_base(default_constructor_tag) {}
};
}  // namespace detail

template <class E>
class bad_expected_access : public std::exception {
 public:
  explicit bad_expected_access(E e) : m_val(std::move(e)) {}

  virtual const char *what() const noexcept override {
    return "Bad expected access";
  }

  const E &error() const & { return m_val; }
  E &error() & { return m_val; }
  const E &&error() const && { return std::move(m_val); }
  E &&error() && { return std::move(m_val); }

 private:
  E m_val;
};

/// An `expected<T, E>` object is an object that contains the storage for
/// another object and manages the lifetime of this contained object `T`.
/// Alternatively it could contain the storage for another unexpected object
/// `E`. The contained object may not be initialized after the expected object
/// has been initialized, and may not be destroyed before the expected object
/// has been destroyed. The initialization state of the contained object is
/// tracked by the expected object.
template <class T, class E>
class expected : private detail::expected_move_assign_base<T, E>,
                 private detail::expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E>,
                 private detail::expected_delete_assign_base<T, E>,
                 private detail::expected_default_ctor_base<T, E> {
  static_assert(!std::is_reference<T>::value, "T must not be a reference");
  static_assert(!std::is_same<T, std::remove_cv<in_place_t>::type>::value,
                "T must not be in_place_t");
  static_assert(!std::is_same<T, std::remove_cv<unexpect_t>::type>::value,
                "T must not be unexpect_t");
  static_assert(
      !std::is_same<T, typename std::remove_cv<unexpected<E>>::type>::value,
      "T must not be unexpected<E>");
  static_assert(!std::is_reference<E>::value, "E must not be a reference");

  T *valptr() { return std::addressof(this->m_val); }
  const T *valptr() const { return std::addressof(this->m_val); }
  unexpected<E> *errptr() { return std::addressof(this->m_unexpect); }
  const unexpected<E> *errptr() const {
    return std::addressof(this->m_unexpect);
  }

  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR U &val() {
    return this->m_val;
  }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR unexpected<E> &err() { return this->m_unexpect; }

  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr const U &val() const {
    return this->m_val;
  }
  constexpr const unexpected<E> &err() const { return this->m_unexpect; }

  using impl_base = detail::expected_move_assign_base<T, E>;
  using ctor_base = detail::expected_default_ctor_base<T, E>;

 public:
  typedef T value_type;
  typedef E error_type;
  typedef unexpected<E> unexpected_type;

#if defined(TL_EXPECTED_CXX14) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC49) && \
    !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC54) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC55)
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F &&f) & {
    return and_then_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F &&f) && {
    return and_then_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const & {
    return and_then_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }

#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const && {
    return and_then_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#endif

#else
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F &&f) & -> decltype(and_then_impl(
      std::declval<expected &>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
    return and_then_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto and_then(F &&f) && -> decltype(and_then_impl(
      std::declval<expected &&>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
    return and_then_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const & -> decltype(and_then_impl(
      std::declval<expected const &>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
    return and_then_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }

#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto and_then(F &&f) const && -> decltype(and_then_impl(
      std::declval<expected const &&>(), std::forward<F>(f))) {
    return and_then_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#endif
#endif

#if defined(TL_EXPECTED_CXX14) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC49) && \
    !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC54) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC55)
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F &&f) & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto map(F &&f) && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto map(F &&f) const & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto map(F &&f) const && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#else
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(expected_map_impl(
      std::declval<expected &>(), std::declval<F &&>()))
  map(F &&f) & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(expected_map_impl(std::declval<expected>(),
                                                      std::declval<F &&>()))
  map(F &&f) && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr decltype(expected_map_impl(std::declval<const expected &>(),
                                       std::declval<F &&>()))
  map(F &&f) const & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }

#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  template <class F>
  constexpr decltype(expected_map_impl(std::declval<const expected &&>(),
                                       std::declval<F &&>()))
  map(F &&f) const && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#endif
#endif

#if defined(TL_EXPECTED_CXX14) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC49) && \
    !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC54) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC55)
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto transform(F &&f) & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto transform(F &&f) && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto transform(F &&f) const & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto transform(F &&f) const && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#else
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(expected_map_impl(
      std::declval<expected &>(), std::declval<F &&>()))
  transform(F &&f) & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(expected_map_impl(std::declval<expected>(),
                                                      std::declval<F &&>()))
  transform(F &&f) && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr decltype(expected_map_impl(std::declval<const expected &>(),
                                       std::declval<F &&>()))
  transform(F &&f) const & {
    return expected_map_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }

#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  template <class F>
  constexpr decltype(expected_map_impl(std::declval<const expected &&>(),
                                       std::declval<F &&>()))
  transform(F &&f) const && {
    return expected_map_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#endif
#endif

#if defined(TL_EXPECTED_CXX14) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC49) && \
    !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC54) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC55)
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto map_error(F &&f) & {
    return map_error_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR auto map_error(F &&f) && {
    return map_error_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto map_error(F &&f) const & {
    return map_error_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr auto map_error(F &&f) const && {
    return map_error_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#else
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(map_error_impl(std::declval<expected &>(),
                                                   std::declval<F &&>()))
  map_error(F &&f) & {
    return map_error_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR decltype(map_error_impl(std::declval<expected &&>(),
                                                   std::declval<F &&>()))
  map_error(F &&f) && {
    return map_error_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
  template <class F>
  constexpr decltype(map_error_impl(std::declval<const expected &>(),
                                    std::declval<F &&>()))
  map_error(F &&f) const & {
    return map_error_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }

#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  template <class F>
  constexpr decltype(map_error_impl(std::declval<const expected &&>(),
                                    std::declval<F &&>()))
  map_error(F &&f) const && {
    return map_error_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#endif
#endif
  template <class F>
  expected TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F &&f) & {
    return or_else_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }

  template <class F>
  expected TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR or_else(F &&f) && {
    return or_else_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }

  template <class F>
  expected constexpr or_else(F &&f) const & {
    return or_else_impl(*this, std::forward<F>(f));
  }

#ifndef TL_EXPECTED_NO_CONSTRR
  template <class F>
  expected constexpr or_else(F &&f) const && {
    return or_else_impl(std::move(*this), std::forward<F>(f));
  }
#endif
  constexpr expected() = default;
  constexpr expected(const expected &rhs) = default;
  constexpr expected(expected &&rhs) = default;
  expected &operator=(const expected &rhs) = default;
  expected &operator=(expected &&rhs) = default;

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr expected(in_place_t, Args &&...args)
      : impl_base(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                T, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr expected(in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args &&...args)
      : impl_base(in_place, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <class G = E,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, const G &>::value> * =
                nullptr,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<const G &, E>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  explicit constexpr expected(const unexpected<G> &e)
      : impl_base(unexpect, e.value()),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <
      class G = E,
      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, const G &>::value> * =
          nullptr,
      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<const G &, E>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr expected(unexpected<G> const &e)
      : impl_base(unexpect, e.value()),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <
      class G = E,
      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, G &&>::value> * = nullptr,
      detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<G &&, E>::value> * = nullptr>
  explicit constexpr expected(unexpected<G> &&e) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_constructible<E, G &&>::value)
      : impl_base(unexpect, std::move(e.value())),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <
      class G = E,
      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, G &&>::value> * = nullptr,
      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<G &&, E>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr expected(unexpected<G> &&e) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_constructible<E, G &&>::value)
      : impl_base(unexpect, std::move(e.value())),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<E, Args &&...>::value> * =
                nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected(unexpect_t, Args &&...args)
      : impl_base(unexpect, std::forward<Args>(args)...),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<
                E, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr explicit expected(unexpect_t, std::initializer_list<U> il,
                              Args &&...args)
      : impl_base(unexpect, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...),
        ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {}

  template <class U, class G,
            detail::enable_if_t<!(std::is_convertible<U const &, T>::value &&
                                  std::is_convertible<G const &, E>::value)> * =
                nullptr,
            detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, const U &, const G &>
                * = nullptr>
  explicit TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR expected(const expected<U, G> &rhs)
      : ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {
    if (rhs.has_value()) {
      this->construct(*rhs);
    } else {
      this->construct_error(rhs.error());
    }
  }

  template <class U, class G,
            detail::enable_if_t<(std::is_convertible<U const &, T>::value &&
                                 std::is_convertible<G const &, E>::value)> * =
                nullptr,
            detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, const U &, const G &>
                * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR expected(const expected<U, G> &rhs)
      : ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {
    if (rhs.has_value()) {
      this->construct(*rhs);
    } else {
      this->construct_error(rhs.error());
    }
  }

  template <
      class U, class G,
      detail::enable_if_t<!(std::is_convertible<U &&, T>::value &&
                            std::is_convertible<G &&, E>::value)> * = nullptr,
      detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, U &&, G &&> * = nullptr>
  explicit TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR expected(expected<U, G> &&rhs)
      : ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {
    if (rhs.has_value()) {
      this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
    } else {
      this->construct_error(std::move(rhs.error()));
    }
  }

  template <
      class U, class G,
      detail::enable_if_t<(std::is_convertible<U &&, T>::value &&
                           std::is_convertible<G &&, E>::value)> * = nullptr,
      detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, U &&, G &&> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR expected(expected<U, G> &&rhs)
      : ctor_base(detail::default_constructor_tag{}) {
    if (rhs.has_value()) {
      this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
    } else {
      this->construct_error(std::move(rhs.error()));
    }
  }

  template <
      class U = T,
      detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible<U &&, T>::value> * = nullptr,
      detail::expected_enable_forward_value<T, E, U> * = nullptr>
  explicit TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015_CONSTEXPR expected(U &&v)
      : expected(in_place, std::forward<U>(v)) {}

  template <
      class U = T,
      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<U &&, T>::value> * = nullptr,
      detail::expected_enable_forward_value<T, E, U> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_MSVC2015_CONSTEXPR expected(U &&v)
      : expected(in_place, std::forward<U>(v)) {}

  template <
      class U = T, class G = T,
      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, U &&>::value> * =
          nullptr,
      detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<G>::value> * = nullptr,
      detail::enable_if_t<
          (!std::is_same<expected<T, E>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value &&
           !detail::conjunction<std::is_scalar<T>,
                                std::is_same<T, detail::decay_t<U>>>::value &&
           std::is_constructible<T, U>::value &&
           std::is_assignable<G &, U>::value &&
           std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<E>::value)> * = nullptr>
  expected &operator=(U &&v) {
    if (has_value()) {
      val() = std::forward<U>(v);
    } else {
      err().~unexpected<E>();
      ::new (valptr()) T(std::forward<U>(v));
      this->m_has_val = true;
    }

    return *this;
  }

  template <
      class U = T, class G = T,
      detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, U &&>::value> * =
          nullptr,
      detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr,
      detail::enable_if_t<
          (!std::is_same<expected<T, E>, detail::decay_t<U>>::value &&
           !detail::conjunction<std::is_scalar<T>,
                                std::is_same<T, detail::decay_t<U>>>::value &&
           std::is_constructible<T, U>::value &&
           std::is_assignable<G &, U>::value &&
           std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<E>::value)> * = nullptr>
  expected &operator=(U &&v) {
    if (has_value()) {
      val() = std::forward<U>(v);
    } else {
      auto tmp = std::move(err());
      err().~unexpected<E>();

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
      try {
        ::new (valptr()) T(std::forward<U>(v));
        this->m_has_val = true;
      } catch (...) {
        err() = std::move(tmp);
        throw;
      }
#else
      ::new (valptr()) T(std::forward<U>(v));
      this->m_has_val = true;
#endif
    }

    return *this;
  }

  template <class G = E,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<G>::value &&
                                std::is_assignable<G &, G>::value> * = nullptr>
  expected &operator=(const unexpected<G> &rhs) {
    if (!has_value()) {
      err() = rhs;
    } else {
      this->destroy_val();
      ::new (errptr()) unexpected<E>(rhs);
      this->m_has_val = false;
    }

    return *this;
  }

  template <class G = E,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<G>::value &&
                                std::is_move_assignable<G>::value> * = nullptr>
  expected &operator=(unexpected<G> &&rhs) noexcept {
    if (!has_value()) {
      err() = std::move(rhs);
    } else {
      this->destroy_val();
      ::new (errptr()) unexpected<E>(std::move(rhs));
      this->m_has_val = false;
    }

    return *this;
  }

  template <class... Args, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_constructible<
                               T, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  void emplace(Args &&...args) {
    if (has_value()) {
      val().~T();
    } else {
      err().~unexpected<E>();
      this->m_has_val = true;
    }
    ::new (valptr()) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
  }

  template <class... Args, detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_constructible<
                               T, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  void emplace(Args &&...args) {
    if (has_value()) {
      val().~T();
      ::new (valptr()) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    } else {
      auto tmp = std::move(err());
      err().~unexpected<E>();

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
      try {
        ::new (valptr()) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
        this->m_has_val = true;
      } catch (...) {
        err() = std::move(tmp);
        throw;
      }
#else
      ::new (valptr()) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
      this->m_has_val = true;
#endif
    }
  }

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_constructible<
                T, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  void emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args &&...args) {
    if (has_value()) {
      T t(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
      val() = std::move(t);
    } else {
      err().~unexpected<E>();
      ::new (valptr()) T(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
      this->m_has_val = true;
    }
  }

  template <class U, class... Args,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_constructible<
                T, std::initializer_list<U> &, Args &&...>::value> * = nullptr>
  void emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args &&...args) {
    if (has_value()) {
      T t(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
      val() = std::move(t);
    } else {
      auto tmp = std::move(err());
      err().~unexpected<E>();

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
      try {
        ::new (valptr()) T(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
        this->m_has_val = true;
      } catch (...) {
        err() = std::move(tmp);
        throw;
      }
#else
      ::new (valptr()) T(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
      this->m_has_val = true;
#endif
    }
  }

 private:
  using t_is_void = std::true_type;
  using t_is_not_void = std::false_type;
  using t_is_nothrow_move_constructible = std::true_type;
  using move_constructing_t_can_throw = std::false_type;
  using e_is_nothrow_move_constructible = std::true_type;
  using move_constructing_e_can_throw = std::false_type;

  void swap_where_both_have_value(expected & /*rhs*/, t_is_void) noexcept {
    // swapping void is a no-op
  }

  void swap_where_both_have_value(expected &rhs, t_is_not_void) {
    using std::swap;
    swap(val(), rhs.val());
  }

  void swap_where_only_one_has_value(expected &rhs, t_is_void) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<E>::value) {
    ::new (errptr()) unexpected_type(std::move(rhs.err()));
    rhs.err().~unexpected_type();
    std::swap(this->m_has_val, rhs.m_has_val);
  }

  void swap_where_only_one_has_value(expected &rhs, t_is_not_void) {
    swap_where_only_one_has_value_and_t_is_not_void(
        rhs, typename std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::type{},
        typename std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<E>::type{});
  }

  void swap_where_only_one_has_value_and_t_is_not_void(
      expected &rhs, t_is_nothrow_move_constructible,
      e_is_nothrow_move_constructible) noexcept {
    auto temp = std::move(val());
    val().~T();
    ::new (errptr()) unexpected_type(std::move(rhs.err()));
    rhs.err().~unexpected_type();
    ::new (rhs.valptr()) T(std::move(temp));
    std::swap(this->m_has_val, rhs.m_has_val);
  }

  void swap_where_only_one_has_value_and_t_is_not_void(
      expected &rhs, t_is_nothrow_move_constructible,
      move_constructing_e_can_throw) {
    auto temp = std::move(val());
    val().~T();
#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
    try {
      ::new (errptr()) unexpected_type(std::move(rhs.err()));
      rhs.err().~unexpected_type();
      ::new (rhs.valptr()) T(std::move(temp));
      std::swap(this->m_has_val, rhs.m_has_val);
    } catch (...) {
      val() = std::move(temp);
      throw;
    }
#else
    ::new (errptr()) unexpected_type(std::move(rhs.err()));
    rhs.err().~unexpected_type();
    ::new (rhs.valptr()) T(std::move(temp));
    std::swap(this->m_has_val, rhs.m_has_val);
#endif
  }

  void swap_where_only_one_has_value_and_t_is_not_void(
      expected &rhs, move_constructing_t_can_throw,
      e_is_nothrow_move_constructible) {
    auto temp = std::move(rhs.err());
    rhs.err().~unexpected_type();
#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
    try {
      ::new (rhs.valptr()) T(std::move(val()));
      val().~T();
      ::new (errptr()) unexpected_type(std::move(temp));
      std::swap(this->m_has_val, rhs.m_has_val);
    } catch (...) {
      rhs.err() = std::move(temp);
      throw;
    }
#else
    ::new (rhs.valptr()) T(std::move(val()));
    val().~T();
    ::new (errptr()) unexpected_type(std::move(temp));
    std::swap(this->m_has_val, rhs.m_has_val);
#endif
  }

 public:
  template <class OT = T, class OE = E>
  detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_swappable<OT>::value &&
                      detail::is_swappable<OE>::value &&
                      (std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<OT>::value ||
                       std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<OE>::value)>
  swap(expected &rhs) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value
          &&detail::is_nothrow_swappable<T>::value
              &&std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<E>::value
                  &&detail::is_nothrow_swappable<E>::value) {
    if (has_value() && rhs.has_value()) {
      swap_where_both_have_value(rhs, typename std::is_void<T>::type{});
    } else if (!has_value() && rhs.has_value()) {
      rhs.swap(*this);
    } else if (has_value()) {
      swap_where_only_one_has_value(rhs, typename std::is_void<T>::type{});
    } else {
      using std::swap;
      swap(err(), rhs.err());
    }
  }

  constexpr const T *operator->() const { return valptr(); }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR T *operator->() { return valptr(); }

  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr const U &operator*() const & {
    return val();
  }
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR U &operator*() & {
    return val();
  }
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  constexpr const U &&operator*() const && {
    return std::move(val());
  }
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR U &&operator*() && {
    return std::move(val());
  }

  constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept { return this->m_has_val; }
  constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return this->m_has_val; }

  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR const U &value() const & {
    if (!has_value())
      detail::throw_exception(bad_expected_access<E>(err().value()));
    return val();
  }
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR U &value() & {
    if (!has_value())
      detail::throw_exception(bad_expected_access<E>(err().value()));
    return val();
  }
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR const U &&value() const && {
    if (!has_value())
      detail::throw_exception(bad_expected_access<E>(std::move(err()).value()));
    return std::move(val());
  }
  template <class U = T,
            detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<U>::value> * = nullptr>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR U &&value() && {
    if (!has_value())
      detail::throw_exception(bad_expected_access<E>(std::move(err()).value()));
    return std::move(val());
  }

  constexpr const E &error() const & { return err().value(); }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR E &error() & { return err().value(); }
  constexpr const E &&error() const && { return std::move(err().value()); }
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR E &&error() && { return std::move(err().value()); }

  template <class U>
  constexpr T value_or(U &&v) const & {
    static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value &&
                      std::is_convertible<U &&, T>::value,
                  "T must be copy-constructible and convertible to from U&&");
    return bool(*this) ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(v));
  }
  template <class U>
  TL_EXPECTED_11_CONSTEXPR T value_or(U &&v) && {
    static_assert(std::is_move_constructible<T>::value &&
                      std::is_convertible<U &&, T>::value,
                  "T must be move-constructible and convertible to from U&&");
    return bool(*this) ? std::move(**this) : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(v));
  }
};

namespace detail {
template <class Exp>
using exp_t = typename detail::decay_t<Exp>::value_type;
template <class Exp>
using err_t = typename detail::decay_t<Exp>::error_type;
template <class Exp, class Ret>
using ret_t = expected<Ret, err_t<Exp>>;

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_CXX14
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              *std::declval<Exp>()))>
constexpr auto and_then_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  static_assert(detail::is_expected<Ret>::value, "F must return an expected");

  return exp.has_value()
             ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Exp>(exp))
             : Ret(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>()))>
constexpr auto and_then_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  static_assert(detail::is_expected<Ret>::value, "F must return an expected");

  return exp.has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f))
                         : Ret(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}
#else
template <class>
struct TC;
template <class Exp, class F,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              *std::declval<Exp>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr>
auto and_then_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) -> Ret {
  static_assert(detail::is_expected<Ret>::value, "F must return an expected");

  return exp.has_value()
             ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Exp>(exp))
             : Ret(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto and_then_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) -> Ret {
  static_assert(detail::is_expected<Ret>::value, "F must return an expected");

  return exp.has_value() ? detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f))
                         : Ret(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}
#endif

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_CXX14
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              *std::declval<Exp>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = ret_t<Exp, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;
  return exp.has_value() ? result(detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                                 *std::forward<Exp>(exp)))
                         : result(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              *std::declval<Exp>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = expected<void, err_t<Exp>>;
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Exp>(exp));
    return result();
  }

  return result(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = ret_t<Exp, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;
  return exp.has_value() ? result(detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f)))
                         : result(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = expected<void, err_t<Exp>>;
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f));
    return result();
  }

  return result(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}
#else
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              *std::declval<Exp>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>

constexpr auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f)
    -> ret_t<Exp, detail::decay_t<Ret>> {
  using result = ret_t<Exp, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;

  return exp.has_value() ? result(detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                                 *std::forward<Exp>(exp)))
                         : result(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              *std::declval<Exp>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>

auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) -> expected<void, err_t<Exp>> {
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), *std::forward<Exp>(exp));
    return {};
  }

  return unexpected<err_t<Exp>>(std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>

constexpr auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f)
    -> ret_t<Exp, detail::decay_t<Ret>> {
  using result = ret_t<Exp, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;

  return exp.has_value() ? result(detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f)))
                         : result(unexpect, std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>

auto expected_map_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) -> expected<void, err_t<Exp>> {
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f));
    return {};
  }

  return unexpected<err_t<Exp>>(std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}
#endif

#if defined(TL_EXPECTED_CXX14) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC49) && \
    !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC54) && !defined(TL_EXPECTED_GCC55)
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;
  return exp.has_value()
             ? result(*std::forward<Exp>(exp))
             : result(unexpect, detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                               std::forward<Exp>(exp).error()));
}
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, monostate>;
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    return result(*std::forward<Exp>(exp));
  }

  detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
  return result(unexpect, monostate{});
}
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;
  return exp.has_value()
             ? result()
             : result(unexpect, detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                               std::forward<Exp>(exp).error()));
}
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, monostate>;
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    return result();
  }

  detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
  return result(unexpect, monostate{});
}
#else
template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f)
    -> expected<exp_t<Exp>, detail::decay_t<Ret>> {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;

  return exp.has_value()
             ? result(*std::forward<Exp>(exp))
             : result(unexpect, detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                               std::forward<Exp>(exp).error()));
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) -> expected<exp_t<Exp>, monostate> {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, monostate>;
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    return result(*std::forward<Exp>(exp));
  }

  detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
  return result(unexpect, monostate{});
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f)
    -> expected<exp_t<Exp>, detail::decay_t<Ret>> {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, detail::decay_t<Ret>>;

  return exp.has_value()
             ? result()
             : result(unexpect, detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                               std::forward<Exp>(exp).error()));
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<exp_t<Exp>>::value> * = nullptr,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
auto map_error_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) -> expected<exp_t<Exp>, monostate> {
  using result = expected<exp_t<Exp>, monostate>;
  if (exp.has_value()) {
    return result();
  }

  detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
  return result(unexpect, monostate{});
}
#endif

#ifdef TL_EXPECTED_CXX14
template <class Exp, class F,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
constexpr auto or_else_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  static_assert(detail::is_expected<Ret>::value, "F must return an expected");
  return exp.has_value() ? std::forward<Exp>(exp)
                         : detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                          std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
detail::decay_t<Exp> or_else_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  return exp.has_value() ? std::forward<Exp>(exp)
                         : (detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                           std::forward<Exp>(exp).error()),
                            std::forward<Exp>(exp));
}
#else
template <class Exp, class F,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
auto or_else_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) -> Ret {
  static_assert(detail::is_expected<Ret>::value, "F must return an expected");
  return exp.has_value() ? std::forward<Exp>(exp)
                         : detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                          std::forward<Exp>(exp).error());
}

template <class Exp, class F,
          class Ret = decltype(detail::invoke(std::declval<F>(),
                                              std::declval<Exp>().error())),
          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_void<Ret>::value> * = nullptr>
detail::decay_t<Exp> or_else_impl(Exp &&exp, F &&f) {
  return exp.has_value() ? std::forward<Exp>(exp)
                         : (detail::invoke(std::forward<F>(f),
                                           std::forward<Exp>(exp).error()),
                            std::forward<Exp>(exp));
}
#endif
}  // namespace detail

template <class T, class E, class U, class F>
constexpr bool operator==(const expected<T, E> &lhs,
                          const expected<U, F> &rhs) {
  return (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
             ? false
             : (!lhs.has_value() ? lhs.error() == rhs.error() : *lhs == *rhs);
}
template <class T, class E, class U, class F>
constexpr bool operator!=(const expected<T, E> &lhs,
                          const expected<U, F> &rhs) {
  return (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
             ? true
             : (!lhs.has_value() ? lhs.error() != rhs.error() : *lhs != *rhs);
}
template <class E, class F>
constexpr bool operator==(const expected<void, E> &lhs,
                          const expected<void, F> &rhs) {
  return (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
             ? false
             : (!lhs.has_value() ? lhs.error() == rhs.error() : true);
}
template <class E, class F>
constexpr bool operator!=(const expected<void, E> &lhs,
                          const expected<void, F> &rhs) {
  return (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
             ? true
             : (!lhs.has_value() ? lhs.error() == rhs.error() : false);
}

template <class T, class E, class U>
constexpr bool operator==(const expected<T, E> &x, const U &v) {
  return x.has_value() ? *x == v : false;
}
template <class T, class E, class U>
constexpr bool operator==(const U &v, const expected<T, E> &x) {
  return x.has_value() ? *x == v : false;
}
template <class T, class E, class U>
constexpr bool operator!=(const expected<T, E> &x, const U &v) {
  return x.has_value() ? *x != v : true;
}
template <class T, class E, class U>
constexpr bool operator!=(const U &v, const expected<T, E> &x) {
  return x.has_value() ? *x != v : true;
}

template <class T, class E>
constexpr bool operator==(const expected<T, E> &x, const unexpected<E> &e) {
  return x.has_value() ? false : x.error() == e.value();
}
template <class T, class E>
constexpr bool operator==(const unexpected<E> &e, const expected<T, E> &x) {
  return x.has_value() ? false : x.error() == e.value();
}
template <class T, class E>
constexpr bool operator!=(const expected<T, E> &x, const unexpected<E> &e) {
  return x.has_value() ? true : x.error() != e.value();
}
template <class T, class E>
constexpr bool operator!=(const unexpected<E> &e, const expected<T, E> &x) {
  return x.has_value() ? true : x.error() != e.value();
}

template <class T, class E,
          detail::enable_if_t<(std::is_void<T>::value ||
                               std::is_move_constructible<T>::value) &&
                              detail::is_swappable<T>::value &&
                              std::is_move_constructible<E>::value &&
                              detail::is_swappable<E>::value> * = nullptr>
void swap(expected<T, E> &lhs,
          expected<T, E> &rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs))) {
  lhs.swap(rhs);
}
}  // namespace tl

#endif
/* end file include/ada/expected.h */

#include <optional>
#include <string_view>

/**
 * @private
 */
namespace ada {
struct url_aggregator;
struct url;
}  // namespace ada

/**
 * @namespace ada::parser
 * @brief Includes the definitions for supported parsers
 */
namespace ada::parser {

/**
 * Parses a url.
 */
template <typename result_type = ada::url_aggregator>
result_type parse_url(std::string_view user_input,
                      const result_type* base_url = nullptr);

extern template url_aggregator parse_url<url_aggregator>(
    std::string_view user_input, const url_aggregator* base_url);
extern template url parse_url<url>(std::string_view user_input,
                                   const url* base_url);

}  // namespace ada::parser

#endif  // ADA_PARSER_H
/* end file include/ada/parser.h */
/* begin file include/ada/scheme-inl.h */
/**
 * @file scheme-inl.h
 * @brief Definitions for the URL scheme.
 */
#ifndef ADA_SCHEME_INL_H
#define ADA_SCHEME_INL_H


namespace ada::scheme {

/**
 * @namespace ada::scheme::details
 * @brief Includes the definitions for scheme specific entities
 */
namespace details {
// for use with is_special and get_special_port
// Spaces, if present, are removed from URL.
constexpr std::string_view is_special_list[] = {"http", " ",   "https", "ws",
                                                "ftp",  "wss", "file",  " "};
// for use with get_special_port
constexpr uint16_t special_ports[] = {80, 0, 443, 80, 21, 443, 0, 0};
}  // namespace details

ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_special(std::string_view scheme) {
  if (scheme.empty()) {
    return false;
  }
  int hash_value = (2 * scheme.size() + (unsigned)(scheme[0])) & 7;
  const std::string_view target = details::is_special_list[hash_value];
  return (target[0] == scheme[0]) && (target.substr(1) == scheme.substr(1));
}
constexpr uint16_t get_special_port(std::string_view scheme) noexcept {
  if (scheme.empty()) {
    return 0;
  }
  int hash_value = (2 * scheme.size() + (unsigned)(scheme[0])) & 7;
  const std::string_view target = details::is_special_list[hash_value];
  if ((target[0] == scheme[0]) && (target.substr(1) == scheme.substr(1))) {
    return details::special_ports[hash_value];
  } else {
    return 0;
  }
}
constexpr uint16_t get_special_port(ada::scheme::type type) noexcept {
  return details::special_ports[int(type)];
}
constexpr ada::scheme::type get_scheme_type(std::string_view scheme) noexcept {
  if (scheme.empty()) {
    return ada::scheme::NOT_SPECIAL;
  }
  int hash_value = (2 * scheme.size() + (unsigned)(scheme[0])) & 7;
  const std::string_view target = details::is_special_list[hash_value];
  if ((target[0] == scheme[0]) && (target.substr(1) == scheme.substr(1))) {
    return ada::scheme::type(hash_value);
  } else {
    return ada::scheme::NOT_SPECIAL;
  }
}

}  // namespace ada::scheme

#endif  // ADA_SCHEME_H
/* end file include/ada/scheme-inl.h */
/* begin file include/ada/serializers.h */
/**
 * @file serializers.h
 * @brief Definitions for the URL serializers.
 */
#ifndef ADA_SERIALIZERS_H
#define ADA_SERIALIZERS_H


#include <array>
#include <optional>
#include <string>

/**
 * @namespace ada::serializers
 * @brief Includes the definitions for URL serializers
 */
namespace ada::serializers {

/**
 * Finds and returns the longest sequence of 0 values in a ipv6 input.
 */
void find_longest_sequence_of_ipv6_pieces(
    const std::array<uint16_t, 8>& address, size_t& compress,
    size_t& compress_length) noexcept;

/**
 * Serializes an ipv6 address.
 * @details An IPv6 address is a 128-bit unsigned integer that identifies a
 * network address.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-serializer
 */
std::string ipv6(const std::array<uint16_t, 8>& address) noexcept;

/**
 * Serializes an ipv4 address.
 * @details An IPv4 address is a 32-bit unsigned integer that identifies a
 * network address.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv4-serializer
 */
std::string ipv4(const uint64_t address) noexcept;

}  // namespace ada::serializers

#endif  // ADA_SERIALIZERS_H
/* end file include/ada/serializers.h */
/* begin file include/ada/unicode.h */
/**
 * @file unicode.h
 * @brief Definitions for all unicode specific functions.
 */
#ifndef ADA_UNICODE_H
#define ADA_UNICODE_H


#include <string>
#include <optional>

/**
 * @namespace ada::unicode
 * @brief Includes the definitions for unicode operations
 */
namespace ada::unicode {

/**
 * We receive a UTF-8 string representing a domain name.
 * If the string is percent encoded, we apply percent decoding.
 *
 * Given a domain, we need to identify its labels.
 * They are separated by label-separators:
 *
 * U+002E (.) FULL STOP
 * U+FF0E FULLWIDTH FULL STOP
 * U+3002 IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
 * U+FF61 HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
 *
 * They are all mapped to U+002E.
 *
 * We process each label into a string that should not exceed 63 octets.
 * If the string is already punycode (starts with "xn--"), then we must
 * scan it to look for unallowed code points.
 * Otherwise, if the string is not pure ASCII, we need to transcode it
 * to punycode by following RFC 3454 which requires us to
 * - Map characters  (see section 3),
 * - Normalize (see section 4),
 * - Reject forbidden characters,
 * - Check for right-to-left characters and if so, check all requirements (see
 * section 6),
 * - Optionally reject based on unassigned code points (section 7).
 *
 * The Unicode standard provides a table of code points with a mapping, a list
 * of forbidden code points and so forth. This table is subject to change and
 * will vary based on the implementation. For Unicode 15, the table is at
 * https://www.unicode.org/Public/idna/15.0.0/IdnaMappingTable.txt
 * If you use ICU, they parse this table and map it to code using a Python
 * script.
 *
 * The resulting strings should not exceed 255 octets according to RFC 1035
 * section 2.3.4. ICU checks for label size and domain size, but these errors
 * are ignored.
 *
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-domain-to-ascii
 *
 */
bool to_ascii(std::optional<std::string>& out, std::string_view plain,
              size_t first_percent);

/**
 * @see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/#ToUnicode
 */
std::string to_unicode(std::string_view input);

/**
 * Checks if the input has tab or newline characters.
 *
 * @attention The has_tabs_or_newline function is a bottleneck and it is simple
 * enough that compilers like GCC can 'autovectorize it'.
 */
ada_really_inline bool has_tabs_or_newline(
    std::string_view user_input) noexcept;

/**
 * Checks if the input is a forbidden host code point.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#forbidden-host-code-point
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_forbidden_host_code_point(
    const char c) noexcept;

/**
 * Checks if the input contains a forbidden domain code point.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#forbidden-domain-code-point
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool contains_forbidden_domain_code_point(
    const char* input, size_t length) noexcept;

/**
 * Checks if the input contains a forbidden domain code point in which case
 * the first bit is set to 1. If the input contains an upper case ASCII letter,
 * then the second bit is set to 1.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#forbidden-domain-code-point
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr uint8_t
contains_forbidden_domain_code_point_or_upper(const char* input,
                                              size_t length) noexcept;

/**
 * Checks if the input is a forbidden domain code point.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#forbidden-domain-code-point
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_forbidden_domain_code_point(
    const char c) noexcept;

/**
 * Checks if the input is alphanumeric, '+', '-' or '.'
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_alnum_plus(const char c) noexcept;

/**
 * @details An ASCII hex digit is an ASCII upper hex digit or ASCII lower hex
 * digit. An ASCII upper hex digit is an ASCII digit or a code point in the
 * range U+0041 (A) to U+0046 (F), inclusive. An ASCII lower hex digit is an
 * ASCII digit or a code point in the range U+0061 (a) to U+0066 (f), inclusive.
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_ascii_hex_digit(const char c) noexcept;

/**
 * Checks if the input is a C0 control or space character.
 *
 * @details A C0 control or space is a C0 control or U+0020 SPACE.
 * A C0 control is a code point in the range U+0000 NULL to U+001F INFORMATION
 * SEPARATOR ONE, inclusive.
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_c0_control_or_space(const char c) noexcept;

/**
 * Checks if the input is a ASCII tab or newline character.
 *
 * @details An ASCII tab or newline is U+0009 TAB, U+000A LF, or U+000D CR.
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_ascii_tab_or_newline(const char c) noexcept;

/**
 * @details A double-dot path segment must be ".." or an ASCII case-insensitive
 * match for ".%2e", "%2e.", or "%2e%2e".
 */
ada_really_inline ada_constexpr bool is_double_dot_path_segment(
    const std::string_view input) noexcept;

/**
 * @details A single-dot path segment must be "." or an ASCII case-insensitive
 * match for "%2e".
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_single_dot_path_segment(
    const std::string_view input) noexcept;

/**
 * @details ipv4 character might contain 0-9 or a-f character ranges.
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool is_lowercase_hex(const char c) noexcept;

/**
 * @details Convert hex to binary.
 */
unsigned constexpr convert_hex_to_binary(char c) noexcept;

/**
 * first_percent should be  = input.find('%')
 *
 * @todo It would be faster as noexcept maybe, but it could be unsafe since.
 * @author Node.js
 * @see https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/src/node_url.cc#L245
 * @see https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#utf-8-decode-without-bom
 */
std::string percent_decode(const std::string_view input, size_t first_percent);

/**
 * Returns a percent-encoding string whether percent encoding was needed or not.
 * @see https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/src/node_url.cc#L226
 */
std::string percent_encode(const std::string_view input,
                           const uint8_t character_set[]);
/**
 * Returns a percent-encoded string version of input, while starting the percent
 * encoding at the provided index.
 * @see https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/src/node_url.cc#L226
 */
std::string percent_encode(const std::string_view input,
                           const uint8_t character_set[], size_t index);
/**
 * Returns true if percent encoding was needed, in which case, we store
 * the percent-encoded content in 'out'. If the boolean 'append' is set to
 * true, the content is appended to 'out'.
 * If percent encoding is not needed, out is left unchanged.
 * @see https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/src/node_url.cc#L226
 */
template <bool append>
bool percent_encode(const std::string_view input, const uint8_t character_set[],
                    std::string& out);
/**
 * Returns the index at which percent encoding should start, or (equivalently),
 * the length of the prefix that does not require percent encoding.
 */
ada_really_inline size_t percent_encode_index(const std::string_view input,
                                              const uint8_t character_set[]);
/**
 * Lowers the string in-place, assuming that the content is ASCII.
 * Return true if the content was ASCII.
 */
constexpr bool to_lower_ascii(char* input, size_t length) noexcept;
}  // namespace ada::unicode

#endif  // ADA_UNICODE_H
/* end file include/ada/unicode.h */
/* begin file include/ada/url_base-inl.h */
/**
 * @file url_base-inl.h
 * @brief Inline functions for url base
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_BASE_INL_H
#define ADA_URL_BASE_INL_H

/* begin file include/ada/url_aggregator.h */
/**
 * @file url_aggregator.h
 * @brief Declaration for the basic URL definitions
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_AGGREGATOR_H
#define ADA_URL_AGGREGATOR_H


#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada {

/**
 * @brief Lightweight URL struct.
 *
 * @details The url_aggregator class aims to minimize temporary memory
 * allocation while representing a parsed URL. Internally, it contains a single
 * normalized URL (the href), and it makes available the components, mostly
 * using std::string_view.
 */
struct url_aggregator : url_base {
  url_aggregator() = default;
  url_aggregator(const url_aggregator &u) = default;
  url_aggregator(url_aggregator &&u) noexcept = default;
  url_aggregator &operator=(url_aggregator &&u) noexcept = default;
  url_aggregator &operator=(const url_aggregator &u) = default;
  ~url_aggregator() = default;

  bool set_href(const std::string_view input);
  bool set_host(const std::string_view input);
  bool set_hostname(const std::string_view input);
  bool set_protocol(const std::string_view input);
  bool set_username(const std::string_view input);
  bool set_password(const std::string_view input);
  bool set_port(const std::string_view input);
  bool set_pathname(const std::string_view input);
  void set_search(const std::string_view input);
  void set_hash(const std::string_view input);

  [[nodiscard]] bool has_valid_domain() const noexcept override;
  /**
   * The origin getter steps are to return the serialization of this's URL's
   * origin. [HTML]
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_origin() const noexcept override;
  /**
   * Return the normalized string.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * It is highly efficient.
   * @return a constant reference to the underlying normalized URL.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-href
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-serializer
   */
  inline std::string_view get_href() const noexcept;
  /**
   * The username getter steps are to return this's URL's username.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-username
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_username() const noexcept;
  /**
   * The password getter steps are to return this's URL's password.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-password
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_password() const noexcept;
  /**
   * Return this's URL's port, serialized.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-port
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_port() const noexcept;
  /**
   * Return U+0023 (#), followed by this's URL's fragment.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view..
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hash
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_hash() const noexcept;
  /**
   * Return url's host, serialized, followed by U+003A (:) and url's port,
   * serialized.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * When there is no host, this function returns the empty view.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-host
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_host() const noexcept;
  /**
   * Return this's URL's host, serialized.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * When there is no host, this function returns the empty view.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hostname
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_hostname() const noexcept;
  /**
   * The pathname getter steps are to return the result of URL path serializing
   * this's URL.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-pathname
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_pathname() const noexcept;
  /**
   * Compute the pathname length in bytes without instantiating a view or a
   * string.
   * @return size of the pathname in bytes
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-pathname
   */
  ada_really_inline uint32_t get_pathname_length() const noexcept;
  /**
   * Return U+003F (?), followed by this's URL's query.
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-search
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_search() const noexcept;
  /**
   * The protocol getter steps are to return this's URL's scheme, followed by
   * U+003A (:).
   * This function does not allocate memory.
   * @return a lightweight std::string_view.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-protocol
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string_view get_protocol() const noexcept;

  /**
   * A URL includes credentials if its username or password is not the empty
   * string.
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool has_credentials() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Useful for implementing efficient serialization for the URL.
   *
   * https://user:pass@example.com:1234/foo/bar?baz#quux
   *       |     |    |          | ^^^^|       |   |
   *       |     |    |          | |   |       |   `----- hash_start
   *       |     |    |          | |   |       `--------- search_start
   *       |     |    |          | |   `----------------- pathname_start
   *       |     |    |          | `--------------------- port
   *       |     |    |          `----------------------- host_end
   *       |     |    `---------------------------------- host_start
   *       |     `--------------------------------------- username_end
   *       `--------------------------------------------- protocol_end
   *
   * Inspired after servo/url
   *
   * @return a constant reference to the underlying component attribute.
   *
   * @see
   * https://github.com/servo/rust-url/blob/b65a45515c10713f6d212e6726719a020203cc98/url/src/quirks.rs#L31
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline const ada::url_components &get_components()
      const noexcept;
  /**
   * Returns a string representation of this URL.
   */
  std::string to_string() const override;
  /**
   * Returns a string diagram of this URL.
   */
  std::string to_diagram() const;

  /**
   * Verifies that the parsed URL could be valid. Useful for debugging purposes.
   * @return true if the URL is valid, otherwise return true of the offsets are
   * possible.
   */
  bool validate() const noexcept;

  /** @return true if it has an host but it is the empty string */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_empty_hostname() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if it has a host (included an empty host) */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_hostname() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if the URL has a non-empty username */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_non_empty_username() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if the URL has a non-empty password */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_non_empty_password() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if the URL has a (non default) port */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_port() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if the URL has a password */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_password() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if the URL has a hash component */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_hash() const noexcept override;
  /** @return true if the URL has a search component */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_search() const noexcept override;

 private:
  friend ada::url_aggregator ada::parser::parse_url<ada::url_aggregator>(
      std::string_view, const ada::url_aggregator *);
  friend void ada::helpers::strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path<
      ada::url_aggregator>(ada::url_aggregator &url) noexcept;

  std::string buffer{};
  url_components components{};

  /**
   * Returns true if neither the search, nor the hash nor the pathname
   * have been set.
   * @return true if the buffer is ready to receive the path.
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool is_at_path() const noexcept;

  inline void add_authority_slashes_if_needed() noexcept;

  /**
   * To optimize performance, you may indicate how much memory to allocate
   * within this instance.
   */
  inline void reserve(uint32_t capacity);

  ada_really_inline size_t
  parse_port(std::string_view view,
             bool check_trailing_content = false) noexcept override;

  /**
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv4-parser
   */
  [[nodiscard]] bool parse_ipv4(std::string_view input);

  /**
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-parser
   */
  [[nodiscard]] bool parse_ipv6(std::string_view input);

  /**
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-opaque-host-parser
   */
  [[nodiscard]] bool parse_opaque_host(std::string_view input);

  ada_really_inline void parse_path(std::string_view input);

  /**
   * A URL cannot have a username/password/port if its host is null or the empty
   * string, or its scheme is "file".
   */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool cannot_have_credentials_or_port() const;

  template <bool override_hostname = false>
  bool set_host_or_hostname(const std::string_view input);

  ada_really_inline bool parse_host(std::string_view input);

  inline void update_base_authority(std::string_view base_buffer,
                                    const ada::url_components &base);
  inline void update_unencoded_base_hash(std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_hostname(std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_search(std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_search(std::string_view input,
                                 const uint8_t *query_percent_encode_set);
  inline void update_base_pathname(const std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_username(const std::string_view input);
  inline void append_base_username(const std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_password(const std::string_view input);
  inline void append_base_password(const std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_port(uint32_t input);
  inline void append_base_pathname(const std::string_view input);
  inline uint32_t retrieve_base_port() const;
  inline void clear_port();
  inline void clear_hostname();
  inline void clear_hash();
  inline void clear_pathname() override;
  inline void clear_search() override;
  inline void clear_password();
  inline bool has_dash_dot() const noexcept;
  void delete_dash_dot();
  inline void consume_prepared_path(std::string_view input);
  template <bool has_state_override = false>
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool parse_scheme_with_colon(
      const std::string_view input);
  ada_really_inline uint32_t replace_and_resize(uint32_t start, uint32_t end,
                                                std::string_view input);
  inline bool has_authority() const noexcept;
  inline void set_protocol_as_file();
  inline void set_scheme(std::string_view new_scheme) noexcept;
  /**
   * Fast function to set the scheme from a view with a colon in the
   * buffer, does not change type.
   */
  inline void set_scheme_from_view_with_colon(
      std::string_view new_scheme_with_colon) noexcept;
  inline void copy_scheme(const url_aggregator &u) noexcept;

};  // url_aggregator

inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const ada::url &u);
}  // namespace ada

#endif
/* end file include/ada/url_aggregator.h */
/* begin file include/ada/checkers.h */
/**
 * @file checkers.h
 * @brief Declarations for URL specific checkers used within Ada.
 */
#ifndef ADA_CHECKERS_H
#define ADA_CHECKERS_H


#include <string_view>
#include <cstring>

/**
 * @namespace ada::checkers
 * @brief Includes the definitions for validation functions
 */
namespace ada::checkers {

/**
 * Assuming that x is an ASCII letter, this function returns the lower case
 * equivalent.
 * @details More likely to be inlined by the compiler and constexpr.
 */
constexpr char to_lower(char x) noexcept;

/**
 * Returns true if the character is an ASCII letter. Equivalent to std::isalpha
 * but more likely to be inlined by the compiler.
 *
 * @attention std::isalpha is not constexpr generally.
 */
constexpr bool is_alpha(char x) noexcept;

/**
 * Check whether a string starts with 0x or 0X. The function is only
 * safe if input.size() >=2.
 *
 * @see has_hex_prefix
 */
inline bool has_hex_prefix_unsafe(std::string_view input);
/**
 * Check whether a string starts with 0x or 0X.
 */
inline bool has_hex_prefix(std::string_view input);

/**
 * Check whether x is an ASCII digit. More likely to be inlined than
 * std::isdigit.
 */
constexpr bool is_digit(char x) noexcept;

/**
 * @details A string starts with a Windows drive letter if all of the following
 * are true:
 *
 *   - its length is greater than or equal to 2
 *   - its first two code points are a Windows drive letter
 *   - its length is 2 or its third code point is U+002F (/), U+005C (\), U+003F
 * (?), or U+0023 (#).
 *
 * https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#start-with-a-windows-drive-letter
 */
inline constexpr bool is_windows_drive_letter(std::string_view input) noexcept;

/**
 * @details A normalized Windows drive letter is a Windows drive letter of which
 * the second code point is U+003A (:).
 */
inline constexpr bool is_normalized_windows_drive_letter(
    std::string_view input) noexcept;

/**
 * @warning Will be removed when Ada supports C++20.
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool begins_with(std::string_view view,
                                             std::string_view prefix);

/**
 * Returns true if an input is an ipv4 address.
 */
ada_really_inline ada_constexpr bool is_ipv4(std::string_view view) noexcept;

/**
 * Returns a bitset. If the first bit is set, then at least one character needs
 * percent encoding. If the second bit is set, a \\ is found. If the third bit
 * is set then we have a dot. If the fourth bit is set, then we have a percent
 * character.
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr uint8_t path_signature(
    std::string_view input) noexcept;

/**
 * Returns true if the length of the domain name and its labels are according to
 * the specifications. The length of the domain must be 255 octets (253
 * characters not including the last 2 which are the empty label reserved at the
 * end). When the empty label is included (a dot at the end), the domain name
 * can have 254 characters. The length of a label must be at least 1 and at most
 * 63 characters.
 * @see section 3.1. of https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1034
 * @see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/#ToASCII
 */
ada_really_inline constexpr bool verify_dns_length(
    std::string_view input) noexcept;

}  // namespace ada::checkers

#endif  // ADA_CHECKERS_H
/* end file include/ada/checkers.h */
/* begin file include/ada/url.h */
/**
 * @file url.h
 * @brief Declaration for the URL
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_H
#define ADA_URL_H


#include <algorithm>
#include <charconv>
#include <iostream>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada {

/**
 * @brief Generic URL struct reliant on std::string instantiation.
 *
 * @details To disambiguate from a valid URL string it can also be referred to
 * as a URL record. A URL is a struct that represents a universal identifier.
 * Unlike the url_aggregator, the ada::url represents the different components
 * of a parsed URL as independent std::string instances. This makes the
 * structure heavier and more reliant on memory allocations. When getting
 * components from the parsed URL, a new std::string is typically constructed.
 *
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-representation
 */
struct url : url_base {
  url() = default;
  url(const url &u) = default;
  url(url &&u) noexcept = default;
  url &operator=(url &&u) noexcept = default;
  url &operator=(const url &u) = default;
  ~url() = default;

  /**
   * @private
   * A URL's username is an ASCII string identifying a username. It is initially
   * the empty string.
   */
  std::string username{};

  /**
   * @private
   * A URL's password is an ASCII string identifying a password. It is initially
   * the empty string.
   */
  std::string password{};

  /**
   * @private
   * A URL's host is null or a host. It is initially null.
   */
  std::optional<std::string> host{};

  /**
   * @private
   * A URL's port is either null or a 16-bit unsigned integer that identifies a
   * networking port. It is initially null.
   */
  std::optional<uint16_t> port{};

  /**
   * @private
   * A URL's path is either an ASCII string or a list of zero or more ASCII
   * strings, usually identifying a location.
   */
  std::string path{};

  /**
   * @private
   * A URL's query is either null or an ASCII string. It is initially null.
   */
  std::optional<std::string> query{};

  /**
   * @private
   * A URL's fragment is either null or an ASCII string that can be used for
   * further processing on the resource the URL's other components identify. It
   * is initially null.
   */
  std::optional<std::string> hash{};

  /** @return true if it has an host but it is the empty string */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_empty_hostname() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if the URL has a (non default) port */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_port() const noexcept;
  /** @return true if it has a host (included an empty host) */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_hostname() const noexcept;
  [[nodiscard]] bool has_valid_domain() const noexcept override;

  /**
   * Returns a JSON string representation of this URL.
   */
  std::string to_string() const override;

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-href
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-serializer
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline std::string get_href() const noexcept;

  /**
   * The origin getter steps are to return the serialization of this's URL's
   * origin. [HTML]
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-url-origin
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_origin() const noexcept override;

  /**
   * The protocol getter steps are to return this's URL's scheme, followed by
   * U+003A (:).
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-protocol
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_protocol() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Return url's host, serialized, followed by U+003A (:) and url's port,
   * serialized.
   * When there is no host, this function returns the empty string.
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-host
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_host() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Return this's URL's host, serialized.
   * When there is no host, this function returns the empty string.
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hostname
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_hostname() const noexcept;

  /**
   * The pathname getter steps are to return the result of URL path serializing
   * this's URL.
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-pathname
   */
  [[nodiscard]] const std::string_view get_pathname() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Compute the pathname length in bytes without instantiating a view or a
   * string.
   * @return size of the pathname in bytes
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-pathname
   */
  ada_really_inline size_t get_pathname_length() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Return U+003F (?), followed by this's URL's query.
   * @return a newly allocated string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-search
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_search() const noexcept;

  /**
   * The username getter steps are to return this's URL's username.
   * @return a constant reference to the underlying string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-username
   */
  [[nodiscard]] const std::string &get_username() const noexcept;

  /**
   * @return Returns true on successful operation.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-username
   */
  bool set_username(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * @return Returns true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-password
   */
  bool set_password(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * @return Returns true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-port
   */
  bool set_port(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * This function always succeeds.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hash
   */
  void set_hash(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * This function always succeeds.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-search
   */
  void set_search(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * @return Returns true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-search
   */
  bool set_pathname(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * @return Returns true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-host
   */
  bool set_host(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * @return Returns true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hostname
   */
  bool set_hostname(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * @return Returns true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-protocol
   */
  bool set_protocol(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-href
   */
  bool set_href(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * The password getter steps are to return this's URL's password.
   * @return a constant reference to the underlying string.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-password
   */
  [[nodiscard]] const std::string &get_password() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Return this's URL's port, serialized.
   * @return a newly constructed string representing the port.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-port
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_port() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Return U+0023 (#), followed by this's URL's fragment.
   * @return a newly constructed string representing the hash.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-hash
   */
  [[nodiscard]] std::string get_hash() const noexcept;

  /**
   * A URL includes credentials if its username or password is not the empty
   * string.
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool has_credentials() const noexcept;

  /**
   * Useful for implementing efficient serialization for the URL.
   *
   * https://user:pass@example.com:1234/foo/bar?baz#quux
   *       |     |    |          | ^^^^|       |   |
   *       |     |    |          | |   |       |   `----- hash_start
   *       |     |    |          | |   |       `--------- search_start
   *       |     |    |          | |   `----------------- pathname_start
   *       |     |    |          | `--------------------- port
   *       |     |    |          `----------------------- host_end
   *       |     |    `---------------------------------- host_start
   *       |     `--------------------------------------- username_end
   *       `--------------------------------------------- protocol_end
   *
   * Inspired after servo/url
   *
   * @return a newly constructed component.
   *
   * @see
   * https://github.com/servo/rust-url/blob/b65a45515c10713f6d212e6726719a020203cc98/url/src/quirks.rs#L31
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline ada::url_components get_components()
      const noexcept;
  /** @return true if the URL has a hash component */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_hash() const noexcept override;
  /** @return true if the URL has a search component */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool has_search() const noexcept override;

 private:
  friend ada::url ada::parser::parse_url<ada::url>(std::string_view,
                                                   const ada::url *);
  friend ada::url_aggregator ada::parser::parse_url<ada::url_aggregator>(
      std::string_view, const ada::url_aggregator *);
  friend void ada::helpers::strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path<ada::url>(
      ada::url &url) noexcept;

  inline void update_unencoded_base_hash(std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_hostname(std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_search(std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_search(std::string_view input,
                                 const uint8_t query_percent_encode_set[]);
  inline void update_base_search(std::optional<std::string> input);
  inline void update_base_pathname(const std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_username(const std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_password(const std::string_view input);
  inline void update_base_port(std::optional<uint16_t> input);

  /**
   * Sets the host or hostname according to override condition.
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#hostname-state
   */
  template <bool override_hostname = false>
  bool set_host_or_hostname(std::string_view input);

  /**
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv4-parser
   */
  [[nodiscard]] bool parse_ipv4(std::string_view input);

  /**
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-ipv6-parser
   */
  [[nodiscard]] bool parse_ipv6(std::string_view input);

  /**
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-opaque-host-parser
   */
  [[nodiscard]] bool parse_opaque_host(std::string_view input);

  /**
   * A URL's scheme is an ASCII string that identifies the type of URL and can
   * be used to dispatch a URL for further processing after parsing. It is
   * initially the empty string. We only set non_special_scheme when the scheme
   * is non-special, otherwise we avoid constructing string.
   *
   * Special schemes are stored in ada::scheme::details::is_special_list so we
   * typically do not need to store them in each url instance.
   */
  std::string non_special_scheme{};

  /**
   * A URL cannot have a username/password/port if its host is null or the empty
   * string, or its scheme is "file".
   */
  [[nodiscard]] inline bool cannot_have_credentials_or_port() const;

  ada_really_inline size_t
  parse_port(std::string_view view,
             bool check_trailing_content = false) noexcept override;

  /**
   * Take the scheme from another URL. The scheme string is copied from the
   * provided url.
   */
  inline void copy_scheme(const ada::url &u);

  /**
   * Parse the host from the provided input. We assume that
   * the input does not contain spaces or tabs. Control
   * characters and spaces are not trimmed (they should have
   * been removed if needed).
   * Return true on success.
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#host-parsing
   */
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool parse_host(std::string_view input);

  template <bool has_state_override = false>
  [[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool parse_scheme(
      const std::string_view input);

  inline void clear_pathname() override;
  inline void clear_search() override;
  inline void set_protocol_as_file();

  /**
   * Parse the path from the provided input.
   * Return true on success. Control characters not
   * trimmed from the ends (they should have
   * been removed if needed).
   *
   * The input is expected to be UTF-8.
   *
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/
   */
  ada_really_inline void parse_path(const std::string_view input);

  /**
   * Set the scheme for this URL. The provided scheme should be a valid
   * scheme string, be lower-cased, not contain spaces or tabs. It should
   * have no spurious trailing or leading content.
   */
  inline void set_scheme(std::string &&new_scheme) noexcept;

  /**
   * Take the scheme from another URL. The scheme string is moved from the
   * provided url.
   */
  inline void copy_scheme(ada::url &&u) noexcept;

};  // struct url

inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const ada::url &u);
}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_URL_H
/* end file include/ada/url.h */

#include <optional>
#include <string>
#if ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
#include <intrin.h>
#endif  // ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO

namespace ada {

[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool url_base::is_special() const noexcept {
  return type != ada::scheme::NOT_SPECIAL;
}

[[nodiscard]] inline uint16_t url_base::get_special_port() const noexcept {
  return ada::scheme::get_special_port(type);
}

[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline uint16_t
url_base::scheme_default_port() const noexcept {
  return scheme::get_special_port(type);
}

}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_URL_BASE_INL_H
/* end file include/ada/url_base-inl.h */
/* begin file include/ada/url-inl.h */
/**
 * @file url-inl.h
 * @brief Definitions for the URL
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_INL_H
#define ADA_URL_INL_H


#include <optional>
#include <string>
#if ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
#include <intrin.h>
#endif  // ADA_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO

namespace ada {
[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool url::has_credentials() const noexcept {
  return !username.empty() || !password.empty();
}
[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool url::has_port() const noexcept {
  return port.has_value();
}
[[nodiscard]] inline bool url::cannot_have_credentials_or_port() const {
  return !host.has_value() || host.value().empty() ||
         type == ada::scheme::type::FILE;
}
[[nodiscard]] inline bool url::has_empty_hostname() const noexcept {
  if (!host.has_value()) {
    return false;
  }
  return host.value().empty();
}
[[nodiscard]] inline bool url::has_hostname() const noexcept {
  return host.has_value();
}
inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const ada::url &u) {
  return out << u.to_string();
}

size_t url::get_pathname_length() const noexcept { return path.size(); }

[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline ada::url_components url::get_components()
    const noexcept {
  url_components out{};

  // protocol ends with ':'. for example: "https:"
  out.protocol_end = uint32_t(get_protocol().size());

  // Trailing index is always the next character of the current one.
  size_t running_index = out.protocol_end;

  if (host.has_value()) {
    // 2 characters for "//" and 1 character for starting index
    out.host_start = out.protocol_end + 2;

    if (has_credentials()) {
      out.username_end = uint32_t(out.host_start + username.size());

      out.host_start += uint32_t(username.size());

      if (!password.empty()) {
        out.host_start += uint32_t(password.size() + 1);
      }

      out.host_end = uint32_t(out.host_start + host.value().size());
    } else {
      out.username_end = out.host_start;

      // Host does not start with "@" if it does not include credentials.
      out.host_end = uint32_t(out.host_start + host.value().size()) - 1;
    }

    running_index = out.host_end + 1;
  } else {
    // Update host start and end date to the same index, since it does not
    // exist.
    out.host_start = out.protocol_end;
    out.host_end = out.host_start;

    if (!has_opaque_path && checkers::begins_with(path, "//")) {
      // If url's host is null, url does not have an opaque path, url's path's
      // size is greater than 1, and url's path[0] is the empty string, then
      // append U+002F (/) followed by U+002E (.) to output.
      running_index = out.protocol_end + 2;
    } else {
      running_index = out.protocol_end;
    }
  }

  if (port.has_value()) {
    out.port = *port;
    running_index += helpers::fast_digit_count(*port) + 1;  // Port omits ':'
  }

  out.pathname_start = uint32_t(running_index);

  running_index += path.size();

  if (query.has_value()) {
    out.search_start = uint32_t(running_index);
    running_index += get_search().size();
    if (get_search().size() == 0) {
      running_index++;
    }
  }

  if (hash.has_value()) {
    out.hash_start = uint32_t(running_index);
  }

  return out;
}

inline void url::update_base_hostname(std::string_view input) { host = input; }

inline void url::update_unencoded_base_hash(std::string_view input) {
  // We do the percent encoding
  hash = unicode::percent_encode(input,
                                 ada::character_sets::FRAGMENT_PERCENT_ENCODE);
}

inline void url::update_base_search(std::string_view input,
                                    const uint8_t query_percent_encode_set[]) {
  query = ada::unicode::percent_encode(input, query_percent_encode_set);
}

inline void url::update_base_search(std::optional<std::string> input) {
  query = input;
}

inline void url::update_base_pathname(const std::string_view input) {
  path = input;
}

inline void url::update_base_username(const std::string_view input) {
  username = input;
}

inline void url::update_base_password(const std::string_view input) {
  password = input;
}

inline void url::update_base_port(std::optional<uint16_t> input) {
  port = input;
}

inline void url::clear_pathname() { path.clear(); }

inline void url::clear_search() { query = std::nullopt; }

[[nodiscard]] inline bool url::has_hash() const noexcept {
  return hash.has_value();
}

[[nodiscard]] inline bool url::has_search() const noexcept {
  return query.has_value();
}

inline void url::set_protocol_as_file() { type = ada::scheme::type::FILE; }

inline void url::set_scheme(std::string &&new_scheme) noexcept {
  type = ada::scheme::get_scheme_type(new_scheme);
  // We only move the 'scheme' if it is non-special.
  if (!is_special()) {
    non_special_scheme = new_scheme;
  }
}

inline void url::copy_scheme(ada::url &&u) noexcept {
  non_special_scheme = u.non_special_scheme;
  type = u.type;
}

inline void url::copy_scheme(const ada::url &u) {
  non_special_scheme = u.non_special_scheme;
  type = u.type;
}

[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline std::string url::get_href() const noexcept {
  std::string output = get_protocol();

  if (host.has_value()) {
    output += "//";
    if (has_credentials()) {
      output += username;
      if (!password.empty()) {
        output += ":" + get_password();
      }
      output += "@";
    }
    output += host.value();
    if (port.has_value()) {
      output += ":" + get_port();
    }
  } else if (!has_opaque_path && checkers::begins_with(path, "//")) {
    // If url's host is null, url does not have an opaque path, url's path's
    // size is greater than 1, and url's path[0] is the empty string, then
    // append U+002F (/) followed by U+002E (.) to output.
    output += "/.";
  }
  output += path;
  if (query.has_value()) {
    output += "?" + query.value();
  }
  if (hash.has_value()) {
    output += "#" + hash.value();
  }
  return output;
}

ada_really_inline size_t url::parse_port(std::string_view view,
                                         bool check_trailing_content) noexcept {
  ada_log("parse_port('", view, "') ", view.size());
  uint16_t parsed_port{};
  auto r = std::from_chars(view.data(), view.data() + view.size(), parsed_port);
  if (r.ec == std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
    ada_log("parse_port: std::errc::result_out_of_range");
    is_valid = false;
    return 0;
  }
  ada_log("parse_port: ", parsed_port);
  const size_t consumed = size_t(r.ptr - view.data());
  ada_log("parse_port: consumed ", consumed);
  if (check_trailing_content) {
    is_valid &=
        (consumed == view.size() || view[consumed] == '/' ||
         view[consumed] == '?' || (is_special() && view[consumed] == '\\'));
  }
  ada_log("parse_port: is_valid = ", is_valid);
  if (is_valid) {
    // scheme_default_port can return 0, and we should allow 0 as a base port.
    auto default_port = scheme_default_port();
    bool is_port_valid = (default_port == 0 && parsed_port == 0) ||
                         (default_port != parsed_port);
    port = (r.ec == std::errc() && is_port_valid)
               ? std::optional<uint16_t>(parsed_port)
               : std::nullopt;
  }
  return consumed;
}

}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_URL_H
/* end file include/ada/url-inl.h */
/* begin file include/ada/url_aggregator-inl.h */
/**
 * @file url_aggregator-inl.h
 * @brief Inline functions for url aggregator
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_AGGREGATOR_INL_H
#define ADA_URL_AGGREGATOR_INL_H

/* begin file include/ada/unicode-inl.h */
/**
 * @file unicode-inl.h
 * @brief Definitions for unicode operations.
 */
#ifndef ADA_UNICODE_INL_H
#define ADA_UNICODE_INL_H
#include <algorithm>

/**
 * @namespace ada::unicode
 * @brief Includes the declarations for unicode operations
 */
namespace ada::unicode {
ada_really_inline size_t percent_encode_index(const std::string_view input,
                                              const uint8_t character_set[]) {
  return std::distance(
      input.begin(),
      std::find_if(input.begin(), input.end(), [character_set](const char c) {
        return character_sets::bit_at(character_set, c);
      }));
}
}  // namespace ada::unicode

#endif  // ADA_UNICODE_INL_H
/* end file include/ada/unicode-inl.h */

#include <optional>
#include <string_view>

namespace ada {

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_authority(
    std::string_view base_buffer, const ada::url_components &base) {
  std::string_view input = base_buffer.substr(
      base.protocol_end, base.host_start - base.protocol_end);
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_authority ", input);

  bool input_starts_with_dash = checkers::begins_with(input, "//");
  uint32_t diff = components.host_start - components.protocol_end;

  buffer.erase(components.protocol_end,
               components.host_start - components.protocol_end);
  components.username_end = components.protocol_end;

  if (input_starts_with_dash) {
    input.remove_prefix(2);
    diff += 2;  // add "//"
    buffer.insert(components.protocol_end, "//");
    components.username_end += 2;
  }

  size_t password_delimiter = input.find(':');

  // Check if input contains both username and password by checking the
  // delimiter: ":" A typical input that contains authority would be "user:pass"
  if (password_delimiter != std::string_view::npos) {
    // Insert both username and password
    std::string_view username = input.substr(0, password_delimiter);
    std::string_view password = input.substr(password_delimiter + 1);

    buffer.insert(components.protocol_end + diff, username);
    diff += uint32_t(username.size());
    buffer.insert(components.protocol_end + diff, ":");
    components.username_end = components.protocol_end + diff;
    buffer.insert(components.protocol_end + diff + 1, password);
    diff += uint32_t(password.size()) + 1;
  } else if (!input.empty()) {
    // Insert only username
    buffer.insert(components.protocol_end + diff, input);
    components.username_end =
        components.protocol_end + diff + uint32_t(input.size());
    diff += uint32_t(input.size());
  }

  components.host_start += diff;

  if (buffer.size() > base.host_start && buffer[base.host_start] != '@') {
    buffer.insert(components.host_start, "@");
    diff++;
  }
  components.host_end += diff;
  components.pathname_start += diff;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += diff;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += diff;
  }
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_unencoded_base_hash(std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_unencoded_base_hash ", input, " [",
          input.size(), " bytes], buffer is '", buffer, "' [", buffer.size(),
          " bytes] components.hash_start = ", components.hash_start);
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    buffer.resize(components.hash_start);
  }
  components.hash_start = uint32_t(buffer.size());
  buffer += "#";
  bool encoding_required = unicode::percent_encode<true>(
      input, ada::character_sets::FRAGMENT_PERCENT_ENCODE, buffer);
  // When encoding_required is false, then buffer is left unchanged, and percent
  // encoding was not deemed required.
  if (!encoding_required) {
    buffer.append(input);
  }
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_unencoded_base_hash final buffer is '",
          buffer, "' [", buffer.size(), " bytes]");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

ada_really_inline uint32_t url_aggregator::replace_and_resize(
    uint32_t start, uint32_t end, std::string_view input) {
  uint32_t current_length = end - start;
  uint32_t input_size = uint32_t(input.size());
  uint32_t new_difference = input_size - current_length;

  if (current_length == 0) {
    buffer.insert(start, input);
  } else if (input_size == current_length) {
    buffer.replace(start, input_size, input);
  } else if (input_size < current_length) {
    buffer.erase(start, current_length - input_size);
    buffer.replace(start, input_size, input);
  } else {
    buffer.replace(start, current_length, input.substr(0, current_length));
    buffer.insert(start + current_length, input.substr(current_length));
  }

  return new_difference;
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_hostname(const std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_hostname ", input, " [", input.size(),
          " bytes], buffer is '", buffer, "' [", buffer.size(), " bytes]");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));

  // This next line is required for when parsing a URL like `foo://`
  add_authority_slashes_if_needed();

  bool has_credentials = components.protocol_end + 2 < components.host_start;
  uint32_t new_difference =
      replace_and_resize(components.host_start, components.host_end, input);

  if (has_credentials) {
    buffer.insert(components.host_start, "@");
    new_difference++;
  }
  components.host_end += new_difference;
  components.pathname_start += new_difference;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += new_difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += new_difference;
  }
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

ada_really_inline uint32_t
url_aggregator::get_pathname_length() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::get_pathname_length");
  uint32_t ending_index = uint32_t(buffer.size());
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    ending_index = components.search_start;
  } else if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    ending_index = components.hash_start;
  }
  return ending_index - components.pathname_start;
}

[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline bool url_aggregator::is_at_path()
    const noexcept {
  return buffer.size() == components.pathname_start;
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_search(std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_search ", input);
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));
  if (input.empty()) {
    clear_search();
    return;
  }

  if (input[0] == '?') {
    input.remove_prefix(1);
  }

  if (components.hash_start == url_components::omitted) {
    if (components.search_start == url_components::omitted) {
      components.search_start = uint32_t(buffer.size());
      buffer += "?";
    } else {
      buffer.resize(components.search_start + 1);
    }

    buffer.append(input);
  } else {
    if (components.search_start == url_components::omitted) {
      components.search_start = components.hash_start;
    } else {
      buffer.erase(components.search_start,
                   components.hash_start - components.search_start);
      components.hash_start = components.search_start;
    }

    buffer.insert(components.search_start, "?");
    buffer.insert(components.search_start + 1, input);
    components.hash_start += uint32_t(input.size() + 1);  // Do not forget `?`
  }

  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_search(
    std::string_view input, const uint8_t query_percent_encode_set[]) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_search ", input,
          " with encoding parameter ", to_string(), "\n", to_diagram());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));

  if (components.hash_start == url_components::omitted) {
    if (components.search_start == url_components::omitted) {
      components.search_start = uint32_t(buffer.size());
      buffer += "?";
    } else {
      buffer.resize(components.search_start + 1);
    }

    bool encoding_required =
        unicode::percent_encode<true>(input, query_percent_encode_set, buffer);
    // When encoding_required is false, then buffer is left unchanged, and
    // percent encoding was not deemed required.
    if (!encoding_required) {
      buffer.append(input);
    }
  } else {
    if (components.search_start == url_components::omitted) {
      components.search_start = components.hash_start;
    } else {
      buffer.erase(components.search_start,
                   components.hash_start - components.search_start);
      components.hash_start = components.search_start;
    }

    buffer.insert(components.search_start, "?");
    size_t idx =
        ada::unicode::percent_encode_index(input, query_percent_encode_set);
    if (idx == input.size()) {
      buffer.insert(components.search_start + 1, input);
      components.hash_start += uint32_t(input.size() + 1);  // Do not forget `?`
    } else {
      buffer.insert(components.search_start + 1, input, 0, idx);
      input.remove_prefix(idx);
      // We only create a temporary string if we need percent encoding and
      // we attempt to create as small a temporary string as we can.
      std::string encoded =
          ada::unicode::percent_encode(input, query_percent_encode_set);
      buffer.insert(components.search_start + idx + 1, encoded);
      components.hash_start +=
          uint32_t(encoded.size() + idx + 1);  // Do not forget `?`
    }
  }

  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_pathname(const std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_pathname '", input, "' [", input.size(),
          " bytes] \n", to_diagram());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());

  const bool begins_with_dashdash = checkers::begins_with(input, "//");
  if (!begins_with_dashdash && has_dash_dot()) {
    ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_pathname has /.: \n", to_diagram());
    // We must delete the ./
    delete_dash_dot();
  }

  if (begins_with_dashdash && !has_opaque_path && !has_authority() &&
      !has_dash_dot()) {
    // If url's host is null, url does not have an opaque path, url's path's
    // size is greater than 1, then append U+002F (/) followed by U+002E (.) to
    // output.
    buffer.insert(components.pathname_start, "/.");
    components.pathname_start += 2;
  }

  uint32_t difference = replace_and_resize(
      components.pathname_start,
      components.pathname_start + get_pathname_length(), input);
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += difference;
  }
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_pathname end '", input, "' [",
          input.size(), " bytes] \n", to_diagram());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::append_base_pathname(const std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::append_base_pathname ", input, " ", to_string(),
          "\n", to_diagram());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  // computing the expected password.
  std::string path_expected = std::string(get_pathname());
  path_expected.append(input);
#endif  // ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  uint32_t ending_index = uint32_t(buffer.size());
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    ending_index = components.search_start;
  } else if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    ending_index = components.hash_start;
  }
  buffer.insert(ending_index, input);

  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += uint32_t(input.size());
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += uint32_t(input.size());
  }
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  std::string path_after = std::string(get_pathname());
  ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(
      path_expected, path_after,
      "append_base_pathname problem after inserting " + std::string(input));
#endif  // ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_username(const std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_username '", input, "' ", to_string(),
          "\n", to_diagram());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));

  add_authority_slashes_if_needed();

  bool has_password = has_non_empty_password();
  bool host_starts_with_at = buffer.size() > components.host_start &&
                             buffer[components.host_start] == '@';
  uint32_t diff = replace_and_resize(components.protocol_end + 2,
                                     components.username_end, input);

  components.username_end += diff;
  components.host_start += diff;

  if (!input.empty() && !host_starts_with_at) {
    buffer.insert(components.host_start, "@");
    diff++;
  } else if (input.empty() && host_starts_with_at && !has_password) {
    // Input is empty, there is no password, and we need to remove "@" from
    // hostname
    buffer.erase(components.host_start, 1);
    diff--;
  }

  components.host_end += diff;
  components.pathname_start += diff;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += diff;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += diff;
  }
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::append_base_username(const std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::append_base_username ", input);
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  // computing the expected password.
  std::string username_expected = std::string(get_username());
  username_expected.append(input);
#endif  // ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  add_authority_slashes_if_needed();

  // If input is empty, do nothing.
  if (input.empty()) {
    return;
  }

  uint32_t difference = uint32_t(input.size());
  buffer.insert(components.username_end, input);
  components.username_end += difference;
  components.host_start += difference;

  if (buffer[components.host_start] != '@' &&
      components.host_start != components.host_end) {
    buffer.insert(components.host_start, "@");
    difference++;
  }

  components.host_end += difference;
  components.pathname_start += difference;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += difference;
  }
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  std::string username_after = std::string(get_username());
  ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(
      username_expected, username_after,
      "append_base_username problem after inserting " + std::string(input));
#endif  // ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::clear_password() {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_password ", to_string(), "\n", to_diagram());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  if (!has_password()) {
    return;
  }

  uint32_t diff = components.host_start - components.username_end;
  buffer.erase(components.username_end, diff);
  components.host_start -= diff;
  components.host_end -= diff;
  components.pathname_start -= diff;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start -= diff;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start -= diff;
  }
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_password(const std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_password ", input);
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));

  add_authority_slashes_if_needed();

  // TODO: Optimization opportunity. Merge the following removal functions.
  if (input.empty()) {
    clear_password();

    // Remove username too, if it is empty.
    if (!has_non_empty_username()) {
      update_base_username("");
    }

    return;
  }

  bool password_exists = has_password();
  uint32_t difference = uint32_t(input.size());

  if (password_exists) {
    uint32_t current_length =
        components.host_start - components.username_end - 1;
    buffer.erase(components.username_end + 1, current_length);
    difference -= current_length;
  } else {
    buffer.insert(components.username_end, ":");
    difference++;
  }

  buffer.insert(components.username_end + 1, input);
  components.host_start += difference;

  // The following line is required to add "@" to hostname. When updating
  // password if hostname does not start with "@", it is "update_base_password"s
  // responsibility to set it.
  if (buffer[components.host_start] != '@') {
    buffer.insert(components.host_start, "@");
    difference++;
  }

  components.host_end += difference;
  components.pathname_start += difference;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += difference;
  }
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::append_base_password(const std::string_view input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::append_base_password ", input, " ", to_string(),
          "\n", to_diagram());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(!helpers::overlaps(input, buffer));
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  // computing the expected password.
  std::string password_expected = std::string(get_password());
  password_expected.append(input);
#endif  // ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  add_authority_slashes_if_needed();

  // If input is empty, do nothing.
  if (input.empty()) {
    return;
  }

  uint32_t difference = uint32_t(input.size());
  if (has_password()) {
    buffer.insert(components.host_start, input);
  } else {
    difference++;  // Increment for ":"
    buffer.insert(components.username_end, ":");
    buffer.insert(components.username_end + 1, input);
  }
  components.host_start += difference;

  // The following line is required to add "@" to hostname. When updating
  // password if hostname does not start with "@", it is "append_base_password"s
  // responsibility to set it.
  if (buffer[components.host_start] != '@') {
    buffer.insert(components.host_start, "@");
    difference++;
  }

  components.host_end += difference;
  components.pathname_start += difference;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += difference;
  }
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  std::string password_after = std::string(get_password());
  ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(
      password_expected, password_after,
      "append_base_password problem after inserting " + std::string(input));
#endif  // ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::update_base_port(uint32_t input) {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::update_base_port");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  if (input == url_components::omitted) {
    clear_port();
    return;
  }
  // calling std::to_string(input.value()) is unfortunate given that the port
  // value is probably already available as a string.
  std::string value = helpers::concat(":", std::to_string(input));
  uint32_t difference = uint32_t(value.size());

  if (components.port != url_components::omitted) {
    difference -= components.pathname_start - components.host_end;
    buffer.erase(components.host_end,
                 components.pathname_start - components.host_end);
  }

  buffer.insert(components.host_end, value);
  components.pathname_start += difference;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += difference;
  }
  components.port = input;
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::clear_port() {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_port");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  if (components.port == url_components::omitted) {
    return;
  }
  uint32_t length = components.pathname_start - components.host_end;
  buffer.erase(components.host_end, length);
  components.pathname_start -= length;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start -= length;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start -= length;
  }
  components.port = url_components::omitted;
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline uint32_t url_aggregator::retrieve_base_port() const {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::retrieve_base_port");
  return components.port;
}

inline void url_aggregator::clear_search() {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_search");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  if (components.search_start == url_components::omitted) {
    return;
  }

  if (components.hash_start == url_components::omitted) {
    buffer.resize(components.search_start);
  } else {
    buffer.erase(components.search_start,
                 components.hash_start - components.search_start);
    components.hash_start = components.search_start;
  }

  components.search_start = url_components::omitted;

#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(get_search(), "",
                   "search should have been cleared on buffer=" + buffer +
                       " with " + components.to_string() + "\n" + to_diagram());
#endif
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::clear_hash() {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_hash");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  if (components.hash_start == url_components::omitted) {
    return;
  }
  buffer.resize(components.hash_start);
  components.hash_start = url_components::omitted;

#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(get_hash(), "",
                   "hash should have been cleared on buffer=" + buffer +
                       " with " + components.to_string() + "\n" + to_diagram());
#endif
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void url_aggregator::clear_pathname() {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_pathname");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  uint32_t ending_index = uint32_t(buffer.size());
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    ending_index = components.search_start;
  } else if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    ending_index = components.hash_start;
  }
  uint32_t pathname_length = ending_index - components.pathname_start;
  buffer.erase(components.pathname_start, pathname_length);
  uint32_t difference = pathname_length;
  if (components.pathname_start == components.host_end + 2 &&
      buffer[components.host_end] == '/' &&
      buffer[components.host_end + 1] == '.') {
    components.pathname_start -= 2;
    buffer.erase(components.host_end, 2);
    difference += 2;
  }
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start -= difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start -= difference;
  }
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_pathname completed, running checks...");
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(get_pathname(), "",
                   "pathname should have been cleared on buffer=" + buffer +
                       " with " + components.to_string() + "\n" + to_diagram());
#endif
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_pathname completed, running checks... ok");
}

inline void url_aggregator::clear_hostname() {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::clear_hostname");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  if (!has_authority()) {
    return;
  }
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(has_authority());

  uint32_t hostname_length = components.host_end - components.host_start;
  uint32_t start = components.host_start;

  // If hostname starts with "@", we should not remove that character.
  if (hostname_length > 0 && buffer[start] == '@') {
    start++;
    hostname_length--;
  }
  buffer.erase(start, hostname_length);
  components.host_end = start;
  components.pathname_start -= hostname_length;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start -= hostname_length;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start -= hostname_length;
  }
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  ADA_ASSERT_EQUAL(get_hostname(), "",
                   "hostname should have been cleared on buffer=" + buffer +
                       " with " + components.to_string() + "\n" + to_diagram());
#endif
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(has_authority());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(has_empty_hostname());
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

[[nodiscard]] inline bool url_aggregator::has_hash() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_hash");
  return components.hash_start != url_components::omitted;
}

[[nodiscard]] inline bool url_aggregator::has_search() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_search");
  return components.search_start != url_components::omitted;
}

ada_really_inline bool url_aggregator::has_credentials() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_credentials");
  return has_non_empty_username() || has_non_empty_password();
}

inline bool url_aggregator::cannot_have_credentials_or_port() const {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::cannot_have_credentials_or_port");
  return type == ada::scheme::type::FILE ||
         components.host_start == components.host_end;
}

[[nodiscard]] ada_really_inline const ada::url_components &
url_aggregator::get_components() const noexcept {
  return components;
}

[[nodiscard]] inline bool ada::url_aggregator::has_authority() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_authority");
  // Performance: instead of doing this potentially expensive check, we could
  // have a boolean in the struct.
  return components.protocol_end + 2 <= components.host_start &&
         helpers::substring(buffer, components.protocol_end,
                            components.protocol_end + 2) == "//";
}

inline void ada::url_aggregator::add_authority_slashes_if_needed() noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::add_authority_slashes_if_needed");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  // Protocol setter will insert `http:` to the URL. It is up to hostname setter
  // to insert
  // `//` initially to the buffer, since it depends on the hostname existence.
  if (has_authority()) {
    return;
  }
  // Performance: the common case is components.protocol_end == buffer.size()
  // Optimization opportunity: in many cases, the "//" is part of the input and
  // the insert could be fused with another insert.
  buffer.insert(components.protocol_end, "//");
  components.username_end += 2;
  components.host_start += 2;
  components.host_end += 2;
  components.pathname_start += 2;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += 2;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += 2;
  }
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline void ada::url_aggregator::reserve(uint32_t capacity) {
  buffer.reserve(capacity);
}

inline bool url_aggregator::has_non_empty_username() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_non_empty_username");
  return components.protocol_end + 2 < components.username_end;
}

inline bool url_aggregator::has_non_empty_password() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_non_empty_password");
  return components.host_start - components.username_end > 0;
}

inline bool url_aggregator::has_password() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_password");
  // This function does not care about the length of the password
  return components.host_start > components.username_end &&
         buffer[components.username_end] == ':';
}

inline bool url_aggregator::has_empty_hostname() const noexcept {
  if (!has_hostname()) {
    return false;
  }
  if (components.host_start == components.host_end) {
    return true;
  }
  if (components.host_end > components.host_start + 1) {
    return false;
  }
  return components.username_end != components.host_start;
}

inline bool url_aggregator::has_hostname() const noexcept {
  return has_authority();
}

inline bool url_aggregator::has_port() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_port");
  return components.pathname_start != components.host_end;
}

inline bool url_aggregator::has_dash_dot() const noexcept {
  // If url's host is null, url does not have an opaque path, url's path's size
  // is greater than 1, and url's path[0] is the empty string, then append
  // U+002F (/) followed by U+002E (.) to output.
  ada_log("url_aggregator::has_dash_dot");
  // Performance: instead of doing this potentially expensive check, we could
  // just have a boolean value in the structure.
#if ADA_DEVELOPMENT_CHECKS
  if (components.pathname_start + 1 < buffer.size() &&
      components.pathname_start == components.host_end + 2) {
    ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(buffer[components.host_end] == '/');
    ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(buffer[components.host_end + 1] == '.');
    ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(buffer[components.pathname_start] == '/');
    ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(buffer[components.pathname_start + 1] == '/');
  }
#endif
  return !has_opaque_path &&
         components.pathname_start == components.host_end + 2 &&
         components.pathname_start + 1 < buffer.size();
}

inline std::string_view url_aggregator::get_href() const noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::get_href");
  return buffer;
}

ada_really_inline size_t url_aggregator::parse_port(
    std::string_view view, bool check_trailing_content) noexcept {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::parse_port('", view, "') ", view.size());
  uint16_t parsed_port{};
  auto r = std::from_chars(view.data(), view.data() + view.size(), parsed_port);
  if (r.ec == std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
    ada_log("parse_port: std::errc::result_out_of_range");
    is_valid = false;
    return 0;
  }
  ada_log("parse_port: ", parsed_port);
  const size_t consumed = size_t(r.ptr - view.data());
  ada_log("parse_port: consumed ", consumed);
  if (check_trailing_content) {
    is_valid &=
        (consumed == view.size() || view[consumed] == '/' ||
         view[consumed] == '?' || (is_special() && view[consumed] == '\\'));
  }
  ada_log("parse_port: is_valid = ", is_valid);
  if (is_valid) {
    ada_log("parse_port", r.ec == std::errc());
    // scheme_default_port can return 0, and we should allow 0 as a base port.
    auto default_port = scheme_default_port();
    bool is_port_valid = (default_port == 0 && parsed_port == 0) ||
                         (default_port != parsed_port);
    if (r.ec == std::errc() && is_port_valid) {
      update_base_port(parsed_port);
    } else {
      clear_port();
    }
  }
  return consumed;
}

inline void url_aggregator::set_protocol_as_file() {
  ada_log("url_aggregator::set_protocol_as_file ");
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
  type = ada::scheme::type::FILE;
  // next line could overflow but unsigned arithmetic has well-defined
  // overflows.
  uint32_t new_difference = 5 - components.protocol_end;

  if (buffer.empty()) {
    buffer.append("file:");
  } else {
    buffer.erase(0, components.protocol_end);
    buffer.insert(0, "file:");
  }
  components.protocol_end = 5;

  // Update the rest of the components.
  components.username_end += new_difference;
  components.host_start += new_difference;
  components.host_end += new_difference;
  components.pathname_start += new_difference;
  if (components.search_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.search_start += new_difference;
  }
  if (components.hash_start != url_components::omitted) {
    components.hash_start += new_difference;
  }
  ADA_ASSERT_TRUE(validate());
}

inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out,
                                const ada::url_aggregator &u) {
  return out << u.to_string();
}
}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_URL_AGGREGATOR_INL_H
/* end file include/ada/url_aggregator-inl.h */
/* begin file include/ada/url_search_params.h */
/**
 * @file url_search_params.h
 * @brief Declaration for the URL Search Params
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_H
#define ADA_URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_H

#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <vector>

namespace ada {

/**
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-urlsearchparams
 */
struct url_search_params {
  url_search_params() = default;

  /**
   * @see
   * https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/blob/master/url/urlsearchparams-constructor.any.js
   */
  url_search_params(const std::string_view input) { initialize(input); }

  url_search_params(const url_search_params &u) = default;
  url_search_params(url_search_params &&u) noexcept = default;
  url_search_params &operator=(url_search_params &&u) noexcept = default;
  url_search_params &operator=(const url_search_params &u) = default;
  ~url_search_params() = default;

  [[nodiscard]] inline size_t size() const noexcept;

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-append
   */
  inline void append(std::string_view key, std::string_view value);

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-delete
   */
  inline void remove(std::string_view key);
  inline void remove(std::string_view key, std::string_view value);

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-get
   */
  inline std::optional<std::string_view> get(std::string_view key);

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-getall
   */
  inline std::vector<std::string> get_all(std::string_view key);

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-has
   */
  inline bool has(std::string_view key) noexcept;

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-set
   */
  inline void set(std::string_view key, std::string_view value);

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-urlsearchparams-sort
   */
  inline void sort();

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlsearchparams-stringification-behavior
   */
  inline std::string to_string();

 private:
  typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> key_value_pair;
  std::vector<key_value_pair> params{};

  /**
   * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-urlencoded-parser
   */
  void initialize(std::string_view init);
};  // url_search_params

}  // namespace ada
#endif
/* end file include/ada/url_search_params.h */
/* begin file include/ada/url_search_params-inl.h */
/**
 * @file url_search_params-inl.h
 * @brief Inline declarations for the URL Search Params
 */
#ifndef ADA_URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_INL_H
#define ADA_URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_INL_H


#include <algorithm>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <vector>

namespace ada {

inline void url_search_params::initialize(std::string_view input) {
  if (!input.empty() && input.front() == '?') {
    input.remove_prefix(1);
  }

  auto process_key_value = [&](const std::string_view current) {
    auto equal = current.find('=');

    if (equal == std::string_view::npos) {
      auto name = std::string(current);
      std::replace(name.begin(), name.end(), '+', ' ');
      params.emplace_back(unicode::percent_decode(name, name.find('%')), "");
    } else {
      auto name = std::string(current.substr(0, equal));
      auto value = std::string(current.substr(equal + 1));

      std::replace(name.begin(), name.end(), '+', ' ');
      std::replace(value.begin(), value.end(), '+', ' ');

      params.emplace_back(unicode::percent_decode(name, name.find('%')),
                          unicode::percent_decode(value, value.find('%')));
    }
  };

  while (!input.empty()) {
    auto ampersand_index = input.find('&');

    if (ampersand_index == std::string_view::npos) {
      if (!input.empty()) {
        process_key_value(input);
      }
      break;
    } else if (ampersand_index != 0) {
      process_key_value(input.substr(0, ampersand_index));
    }

    input.remove_prefix(ampersand_index + 1);
  }
}

inline void url_search_params::append(const std::string_view key,
                                      const std::string_view value) {
  params.emplace_back(key, value);
}

inline size_t url_search_params::size() const noexcept { return params.size(); }

inline std::optional<std::string_view> url_search_params::get(
    const std::string_view key) {
  auto entry = std::find_if(params.begin(), params.end(),
                            [&key](auto &param) { return param.first == key; });

  if (entry == params.end()) {
    return std::nullopt;
  }

  return entry->second;
}

inline std::vector<std::string> url_search_params::get_all(
    const std::string_view key) {
  std::vector<std::string> out{};

  for (auto &param : params) {
    if (param.first == key) {
      out.emplace_back(param.second);
    }
  }

  return out;
}

inline bool url_search_params::has(const std::string_view key) noexcept {
  auto entry = std::find_if(params.begin(), params.end(),
                            [&key](auto &param) { return param.first == key; });
  return entry != params.end();
}

inline std::string url_search_params::to_string() {
  auto character_set = ada::character_sets::WWW_FORM_URLENCODED_PERCENT_ENCODE;
  std::string out{};
  for (size_t i = 0; i < params.size(); i++) {
    auto key = ada::unicode::percent_encode(params[i].first, character_set);
    auto value = ada::unicode::percent_encode(params[i].second, character_set);

    // Performance optimization: Move this inside percent_encode.
    std::replace(key.begin(), key.end(), ' ', '+');
    std::replace(value.begin(), value.end(), ' ', '+');

    if (i != 0) {
      out += "&";
    }
    out.append(key);
    out += "=";
    out.append(value);
  }
  return out;
}

inline void url_search_params::set(const std::string_view key,
                                   const std::string_view value) {
  const auto find = [&key](auto &param) { return param.first == key; };

  auto it = std::find_if(params.begin(), params.end(), find);

  if (it == params.end()) {
    params.emplace_back(key, value);
  } else {
    it->second = value;
    params.erase(std::remove_if(std::next(it), params.end(), find),
                 params.end());
  }
}

inline void url_search_params::remove(const std::string_view key) {
  params.erase(
      std::remove_if(params.begin(), params.end(),
                     [&key](auto &param) { return param.first == key; }),
      params.end());
}

inline void url_search_params::remove(const std::string_view key,
                                      const std::string_view value) {
  params.erase(std::remove_if(params.begin(), params.end(),
                              [&key, &value](auto &param) {
                                return param.first == key &&
                                       param.second == value;
                              }),
               params.end());
}

inline void url_search_params::sort() {
  std::stable_sort(params.begin(), params.end(),
                   [](const key_value_pair &lhs, const key_value_pair &rhs) {
                     return lhs.first < rhs.first;
                   });
}

}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_URL_SEARCH_PARAMS_INL_H
/* end file include/ada/url_search_params-inl.h */

// Public API
/* begin file include/ada/ada_version.h */
/**
 * @file ada_version.h
 * @brief Definitions for Ada's version number.
 */
#ifndef ADA_ADA_VERSION_H
#define ADA_ADA_VERSION_H

#define ADA_VERSION "2.6.0"

namespace ada {

enum {
  ADA_VERSION_MAJOR = 2,
  ADA_VERSION_MINOR = 6,
  ADA_VERSION_REVISION = 0,
};

}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_ADA_VERSION_H
/* end file include/ada/ada_version.h */
/* begin file include/ada/implementation.h */
/**
 * @file implementation.h
 * @brief Definitions for user facing functions for parsing URL and it's
 * components.
 */
#ifndef ADA_IMPLEMENTATION_H
#define ADA_IMPLEMENTATION_H

#include <string>
#include <optional>


namespace ada {
enum class errors { generic_error };

template <class result_type = ada::url_aggregator>
using result = tl::expected<result_type, ada::errors>;

/**
 * The URL parser takes a scalar value string input, with an optional null or
 * base URL base (default null). The parser assumes the input is a valid ASCII
 * or UTF-8 string.
 *
 * @param input the string input to analyze (must be valid ASCII or UTF-8)
 * @param base_url the optional URL input to use as a base url.
 * @return a parsed URL.
 */
template <class result_type = ada::url_aggregator>
ada_warn_unused ada::result<result_type> parse(
    std::string_view input, const result_type* base_url = nullptr);

extern template ada::result<url> parse<url>(std::string_view input,
                                            const url* base_url);
extern template ada::result<url_aggregator> parse<url_aggregator>(
    std::string_view input, const url_aggregator* base_url);

/**
 * Verifies whether the URL strings can be parsed. The function assumes
 * that the inputs are valid ASCII or UTF-8 strings.
 * @see https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-url-canparse
 * @return If URL can be parsed or not.
 */
bool can_parse(std::string_view input,
               const std::string_view* base_input = nullptr);

/**
 * Computes a href string from a file path. The function assumes
 * that the input is a valid ASCII or UTF-8 string.
 * @return a href string (starts with file:://)
 */
std::string href_from_file(std::string_view path);
}  // namespace ada

#endif  // ADA_IMPLEMENTATION_H
/* end file include/ada/implementation.h */

#endif  // ADA_H
/* end file include/ada.h */