feat: add Standard Chinese

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # PhonoCollection
+
 The phonology and transcription collection of many languages/dialects.
 
-- [ʼPhags-pa Script / 八思巴字](ʼPhags-pa.md)
+- [ʼPhags-pa Script / 八思巴字](ʼPhags-pa.md)
+- [Standard Chinese / 汉语普通话](Standard%20Chinese.md)

Standard Chinese.md

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+# Standard Chinese / 汉语普通话
+
+## Initials
+
+| No.  | Pinyin | IPA-U | IPA-L |
+| ---- | ------ | ----- | ----- |
+| 1    | b      | p     | p     |
+| 2    | p      | pʰ    | pʰ    |
+| 3    | m      | m     | m     |
+| 4    | f      | f     | f     |
+| 5    | d      | t     | t     |
+| 6    | t      | tʰ    | tʰ    |
+| 7    | n      | n     | n     |
+| 8    | l      | l     | l     |
+| 9    | g      | k     | k     |
+| 10   | k      | kʰ    | kʰ    |
+| 11   | h      | x     | x     |
+| 12   | j      | t͡ɕ    | tɕ    |
+| 13   | q      | t͡ɕʰ   | tɕʰ   |
+| 14   | x      | ɕ     | ɕ     |
+| 15   | zh     | t͡ʂ    | tʃ̺    |
+| 16   | ch     | t͡ʂʰ   | tʃ̺ʰ   |
+| 17   | sh     | ʂ     | ʃ̺     |
+| 18   | r      | ɻ     | ɹ̺     |
+| 19   | z      | t͡s    | ts    |
+| 20   | c      | t͡sʰ   | tsʰ   |
+| 21   | s      | s     | s     |
+| 22   | ∅      | ∅     | ∅     |
+
+- ∅: Zero initial.
+
+## Finals 
+
+| No.  | Pinyin | IPA-U | IPA-L |
+| ---- | ------ | ----- | ----- |
+| 1    | a      | a     | a     |
+| 2    | ia     | ja    | ia    |
+| 3    | ua     | wa    | ua    |
+| 4    | o      | o     | uo    |
+| 5    | io     | jo    | /     |
+| 6    | uo     | wo    | uo    |
+| 7    | e      | ɤ     | ɤ     |
+| 8    | ê      | ɛ     | /     |
+| 9    | ie     | jɛ    | ie    |
+| 10   | üe     | ɥɛ    | ye    |
+| 11   | i      | i     | i     |
+| 11a  | i₁     | ɹ̩     | ɹ̩     |
+| 11b  | i₂     | ɻ̍     | ɹ̩     |
+| 12   | u      | u     | u     |
+| 12a  | u₁     | ʋ̩     | u     |
+| 13   | ü      | y     | y     |
+| 14   | ai     | aɪ    | ai    |
+| 15   | uai    | waɪ   | uai   |
+| 16   | ei     | eɪ    | ei    |
+| 17   | ui     | weɪ   | uei   |
+| 18   | ao     | ɑʊ    | au    |
+| 19   | iao    | jɑʊ   | iau   |
+| 20   | ou     | oʊ    | ou    |
+| 21   | iu     | joʊ   | iou   |
+| 22   | an     | an    | an    |
+| 23   | ian    | jɛn   | ien   |
+| 24   | uan    | wan   | wan   |
+| 25   | üan    | ɥæn   | yen   |
+| 26   | en     | ən    | ən    |
+| 27   | in     | in    | in    |
+| 28   | un     | wən   | uən   |
+| 29   | ün     | yn    | yn    |
+| 30   | ang    | ɑŋ    | aŋ    |
+| 31   | iang   | jɑŋ   | iaŋ   |
+| 32   | uang   | wɑŋ   | uaŋ   |
+| 33   | eng    | ɤŋ    | əŋ    |
+| 34   | ing    | iŋ    | iŋ    |
+| 35   | ueng   | wɤŋ   | uəŋ   |
+| 36   | ong    | ʊŋ    | uŋ    |
+| 37   | iong   | jʊŋ   | iuŋ   |
+| 38   | er     | əɻ    | ɚ     |
+| 39   | m      | m̩     | /     |
+| 40   | n      | n̩     | /     |
+| 41   | ng     | ŋ̍     | /     |
+
+- *i*₁: *i* after *z*, *c*, and *s*.
+- *i*₂: *i* after *zh*, *ch*, *sh*, and *r*.
+- *u*₁: *u* after *f*.
+- Although *èr* (二, 贰) is pronounced [ɐɻ˥˩] by a number of speakers now, the conservative varient [əɻ˥˩] is still used in IPA-U.
+
+## Rhotacized Finals
+
+| No.  | Pinyin      | IPA-U | IPA-L |
+| ---- | ----------- | ----- | ----- |
+| 1    | ar          | a˞    | aɚ    |
+| 2    | iar         | ja˞   | ia˞ɚ  |
+| 3    | uar         | wa˞   | ua˞ɚ  |
+| 4    | or          | o˞    | uo˞   |
+| 5    | uor         | wo˞   | uo˞   |
+| 6    | er          | ɤ˞    | ɤ˞    |
+| 7    | ier         | jɚ    | iɚ    |
+| 8    | üer         | ɥɚ    | yɚ    |
+| 9    | ur          | ʊ˞    | u˞    |
+| 9a   | ur₁         | ʋ̩͡ʊ˞   | u˞    |
+| 10   | anr/air     | ɐɻ    | aɚ    |
+| 11   | ianr        | jɐɻ   | iəɚ   |
+| 12   | uanr/uair   | wɐɻ   | ua˞ɚ  |
+| 13   | üanr        | ɥɐɻ   | yəɚ   |
+| 14   | enr/eir/ir₁ | əɻ    | əɚ    |
+| 15   | inr/ir      | iəɻ   | iɚ    |
+| 16   | unr/uir     | wəɻ   | uəɚ   |
+| 17   | ünr/ür      | yəɻ   | yɚ    |
+| 18   | aor         | ɑ˞ʊ˞  | au˞   |
+| 19   | iaor        | jɑ˞ʊ˞ | ia˞u˞ |
+| 20   | our         | o˞ʊ˞  | ou˞   |
+| 21   | iur         | jo˞ʊ˞ | io˞u˞ |
+| 22   | angr        | ɑ̃˞    | ãɚ̃    |
+| 23   | iangr       | jɑ̃˞   | ĩã˞ɚ̃  |
+| 24   | uangr       | wɑ̃˞   | ũã˞ɚ̃  |
+| 25   | engr        | ɤ̃˞    | ə̃ɚ̃    |
+| 26   | ingr        | iɘ̃˞   | ĩɚ̃    |
+| 27   | uengr       | wɤ̃˞   | ũə̃ɚ̃   |
+| 28   | ongr        | ʊ̃˞    | ũ˞    |
+| 29   | iongr       | jʊ̃˞   | ĩũ˞   |
+
+- *ur*₁: *ur* after *f*.
+- *ir*₁: *ir* after *zh*, *ch*, *sh*, *r*, *z*, *c*, and *s*.
+
+## Tones
+
+| No.  | Pinyin | IPA-U | IPA-L |
+| ---- | ------ | ----- | ----- |
+| 1    | ◌̄      | ˥     | ˥     |
+| 2    | ◌́      | ˧˥    | ˧˥    |
+| 3    | ◌̌      | ˨˩˦   | ˨˩˧   |
+| 4    | ◌̀      | ˥˩    | ˥˩    |
+| 5    | ∅      | ∅     | *     |
+
+- ∅: Neutral tone (轻声). In IPA-U, no tone letters are written for neutral-tone syllables. In IPA-L, neutral tones are ˧˩, ˥˩, ˧, and ˩ when following the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tones, respectively.
+
+## Field Description
+
+- **No.**: Index of phonemes.
+- **Pinyin**: [*Hànyǔ Pīnyīn* (汉语拼音)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin), the official romanization system of Standard Chinese.
+- **IPA-U**: The broad transcription of fairly conservative varieties by unt<sup>[1]</sup>.
+- **IPA-L**: The broad transcription of younger speakers in Beijing by Wai-Sum Lee & Eric Zee<sup>[2]</sup>.
+
+# References
+
+1. unt. [新老派普通话的宽严式记音（含儿化韵）](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/38258415).
+2. Wai-Sum Lee, Eric Zee. [Standard Chinese (Beijing)](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/standard-chinese-beijing/050A393AF2D3C325E3C6796FE8CA99A3). *Journal of the International Phonetic Association*, **2003**, *33* (1): 109–112.